the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Year-round observations of water-soluble ionic species and trace metals in Sapporo aerosols: implication for significant contributions from terrestrial biological sources in Northeast Asia
Abstract. High aerosol loadings are prevalent in the atmosphere of East Asia, where the aerosols impact the Earth's climate system and human health; however, their sources and seasonal variations are not clearly understood. To better understand the sources of water-soluble ionic species and trace metals in Northeast Asia, we studied atmospheric aerosol samples collected in Sapporo, northern Japan for one-year period. SO42− (average 3.47 ± 1.03 μg m−3) was found as the most abundant ionic species, which accounted for on average 43 ± 15% of the measured total ionic mass followed by Cl− (13 ± 12%) ≈ NO3− ≈ Na+ > NH4+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ > MSA−. Among the metals determined, Ca was found as the most abundant (45 ± 5.2%) followed by Fe (27 ± 4.5%), Al (21± 3.1%), Zn (3.2 ± 1.7), Ti, Mn, Ni, Pb, Cu, V, As, Cr and Cd. Based on factor analysis, linear relations of selected species with biomarkers, and backward air mass trajectories, we found that long-range atmospheric transport of soil dust (∼ 33%) from arid regions of Mongolia and/or Northeast China is a major source for Sapporo aerosols as well as terrestrial biogenic emissions (≥ 24%) including microbial activities and biomass burning mostly from distant source region(s) (e.g. Siberia). We also found that the contributions of soil dust to the aerosols maximized in early spring whereas those of vegetational emissions maximized in spring/summer. Contributions of microbial activities to aerosols peaked in autumn whereas forest fires/biomass burning peaked in autumn/winter. On the contrary, fossil fuel combustion/industrial activities and oceanic emissions to Sapporo aerosols are suggested to be rather minor. This study also suggests that fungal spores contribute to some trace metals (i.e. Ni, Cu, As) while pollen contributes to Zn in aerosols.
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RC C2117: 'Comment on “Year-round observations of water-soluble ionic species and trace metals in Sapporo aerosols: implication for significant contributions from terrestrial biological sources in Northeast Asia” by C. M. Pavuluri et al.', Anonymous Referee #1, 08 May 2013
- AC C5042: 'Authors' Response to Referee #1 Comments', Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, 23 Jul 2013
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RC C2372: 'My Comments', Anonymous Referee #2, 15 May 2013
- AC C5043: 'Authors' Response to Referee #2 Comments', Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, 23 Jul 2013
-
RC C2117: 'Comment on “Year-round observations of water-soluble ionic species and trace metals in Sapporo aerosols: implication for significant contributions from terrestrial biological sources in Northeast Asia” by C. M. Pavuluri et al.', Anonymous Referee #1, 08 May 2013
- AC C5042: 'Authors' Response to Referee #1 Comments', Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, 23 Jul 2013
-
RC C2372: 'My Comments', Anonymous Referee #2, 15 May 2013
- AC C5043: 'Authors' Response to Referee #2 Comments', Chandra Mouli Pavuluri, 23 Jul 2013
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Cited
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- Size-segregated Aerosol Chemical Characteristics in According with Pathways of the Asian Dust Observed in 2014 and 2015 in Jeju, Korea J. Jeong et al. 10.5572/KOSAE.2023.39.2.202
- A 12-year observation of water-soluble ions in TSP aerosols collected at a remote marine location in the western North Pacific: an outflow region of Asian dust S. Boreddy & K. Kawamura 10.5194/acp-15-6437-2015
- Source identification of trace elements in the atmosphere during the second Asian Youth Games in Nanjing, China: Influence of control measures on air quality L. Qi et al. 10.1016/j.apr.2016.01.003
- Seasonal Variations and Sources of 17 Aerosol Metal Elements in Suburban Nanjing, China L. Qi et al. 10.3390/atmos7120153