<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/inc/acpd/copernicus.dtd">
<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net</journal_url>
		<issn>1680-7367</issn>
		<eissn>1680-7375</eissn>
		<volume_number>9</volume_number>
		<issue_number>2</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2009</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/acpd-9-9291-2009</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/9291/2009/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/9291/2009/acpd-9-9291-2009.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/9291/2009/acpd-9-9291-2009.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>9291</start_page>
	<end_page>9312</end_page>
	<publication_date>2009-04-08</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">BrO measurements over the Eastern North-Atlantic</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1,2">
			<name>M. Martin</name>
			<email>maria.martin@env.ethz.ch</email>
		</author>
		<author numeration="2" affiliations="1">
			<name>D. Pöhler</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="3" affiliations="1">
			<name>K. Seitz</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="4" affiliations="1,3">
			<name>R. Sinreich</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="5" affiliations="1">
			<name>U. Platt</name>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">Institute for Environmental Physics, University of Heidelberg, Im  Neuenheimer Feld 229, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="2" content_type="html">present address: ETH Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science,  Universitaetsstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="3" content_type="html">present address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of  Colorado at Boulder, UCB 215, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">The aim of the work presented here was to detect BrO in the
      marine boundary layer over the Eastern North-Atlantic by Multi
      AXis-Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS)
      of scattered sunlight. With this technique, information about the
      concentration and the vertical profile of trace gases in the
      atmosphere can be gained. BrO can be formed in the marine
      atmosphere by degradation of biogenic organohalogens or by oxidation
      of bromide in sea salt aerosol. BrO influences the chemistry in
      marine air in many was, e.g. since it catalytically destroys ozone,
      changes the NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/NO-ratio as well as the
      OH/HO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-ratio and oxidises DMS. However, the abundance
      and the significance of BrO in the marine atmosphere are not
      yet fully understood.
&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;
      We report on data collected during a ship cruise, which took place
      along the West African Coast in February 2007, within the framework of
      the Surface Ocean PRocesses in the ANthropocene project
      (SOPRAN). Tropospheric BrO could be detected during this cruise
      at peak mixing ratios of (10.2&amp;plusmn;3.7) ppt at an assumed
      layer height of 1 km on 18 February 2007. Furthermore, it was
      found that the mean BrO concentrations increased when cruising
      close to the African Coast suggesting that at least part of the
      BrO might have originated from the African coast.</abstract>
	<references>
		<reference numeration="1" content_type="text"> Barrie, L., Bottenheim, J., Schnell, R., Crutzen, P., and Rasmussen, R.: Ozone destruction and photochemical reactions at polar sunrise in the lower Arctic atmosphere, Nature, 334, 138–141, 1988. </reference>
		<reference numeration="2" content_type="text"> Bogumil, K., Orphal, J., Homann, T., Voigt, S., Spietz, P., Fleischmann, O., Vogel, A., Hartmann, M., Bovensmann, H., Frerick, J., and Burrows, J.: Measurements of molecular absorption spectra with the SCIAMACHY pre-flight model: Instrument characterization and reference data for atmospheric remote sensing in the 230–2380 nm region, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A. Chem., 157, 167–184, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="3" content_type="text"> Bottenheim, J W., Barrie, L A., Atlas, E., Heidt, L E., Niki, H., Rasmussen, R A., and Shepson, P B.: Depletion of lower tropospheric ozone during Arctic spring: The polar sunrise experiment 1988, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 18555–18568, 1990. </reference>
		<reference numeration="4" content_type="text"> Carpenter, L. J., Jones, C. E., Dunk, R. M., Hornsby, K. E., and Woeltjen, J.: Air-sea fluxes of biogenic bromine from the tropical and North Atlantic Ocean, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1805–1816, 2009. %Carpenter, L J., Jones, C E., Dunk, R M., and Hornsby, K E.: Air-sea %fluxes of biogenic bromine from the tropical and North Atlantic Ocean, %Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 8, 18 409–18 435, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="5" content_type="text"> Deutschmann, T.: Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Modelling with Monte Carlo Methods, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="6" content_type="text"> Fan, S. and Jacob, D.: Surface ozone depletion in Arctic spring sustained by bromine reactions on aerosols, Nature, 359, 522–524, 1992. </reference>
		<reference numeration="7" content_type="text"> Grainger, J. and Ring, J.: Anomalous Fraunhofer line profiles, Nature, 193, p 762, 1962. </reference>
		<reference numeration="8" content_type="text"> Hagen, E.: Northwest African upwelling scenario, Oceanol. Acta, 24, 113–128, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="9" content_type="text"> Hönninger, G. and Platt, U.: Observations of BrO and its vertical distribution during surface ozone depletion at Alert, Atmos. Environ., 36, 2481–2489, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="10" content_type="text"> Hönninger, G., Friedeburg, C., and Platt, U.: Multi axis differential absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 231–245, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="11" content_type="text"> Kraus, S.: DOASIS – A Framework Design for DOAS, Shaker, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="12" content_type="text"> Leser, H., Hönninger, G., and Platt, U.: MAX-DOAS measurements of BrO and \chemNO_2 in the marine boundary layer., Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(10), 1537, doi:10.1029/2002GL015811, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="13" content_type="text"> Middleton, N J. and Goudie, A S.: Saharan Dust: Sources and Trajectories, Trans. Inst. Br. Geogr., 26, 165–181, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="14" content_type="text"> Molina, L T. and Rowland, F S.: Stratospheric sink for chlorofluromethanes: chlorine atom catalyzed destruction of ozone, Nature, 249, 820–822, 1974. </reference>
		<reference numeration="15" content_type="text"> Platt, U.: Differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS), in: Air Monitoring by Spectroscopic Techniques, edited by: Sigrist, W M., 127, 27–84, John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc., 1994. </reference>
		<reference numeration="16" content_type="text"> Platt, U. and Lehrer, E.: Arctic Tropospheric Ozone Chemistry, ARCTOC, Final Report of the EU-Project No. EV5V-CT93-0318, Heidelberg, 1996. </reference>
		<reference numeration="17" content_type="text"> Quack, B., Atlas, E., Petrick, G., Stroud, V., Schauffler, S., and Wallace, D.: Oceanic bromoform sources for atmosphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L23S05, doi:10.1029/2004GL020597, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="18" content_type="text"> Read, K., Mahajan, A S., Carpenter, L., Evans, M., Faria, B., Heard, D., Hopkins, J., Lee, J., Moller, S., Lewis, A., Mendes, L., andH. Oetjen, J M., Saiz-Lopez, A., Pilling, M., and Plane, J.: Extensive halogen-mediated ozone destruction over the tropical Atlantic Ocean, Nature, 453, 1232–1235, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="19" content_type="text"> Rhew, R C., Miller, B J., and Weiss, R F.: Natural methyl bromide and methyl chloride emissions from coastal salt marshes, Nature, 402, 292–295, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="20" content_type="text"> Saiz-Lopez, A., Plane, J., and Shillito, J.: Bromine oxide in the mid-latitude marine boundary layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L03111, doi:10.1029/2003GL018956, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="21" content_type="text"> Simpson, W R., von Glasow, R., Riedel, K., Anderson, P., Ariya, P., Bottenheim, J., Burrows, J., Carpenter, L J., Frieß, U., Goodsite, M E., Heard, D., Hutterli, M., Jacobi, H.-W., Kaleschke, L., Neff, B., Plane, J., Platt, U., Richter, A., Roscoe, H., Sander, R., Shepson, P., Sodeau, J., Steffen, A., Wagner, T., and Wolff, E.: Halogens and their role in polar boundary-layer ozone depletion, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 4375–4418, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="22" content_type="text"> Sinreich, R., Frieß, U., Wagner, T., and Platt, U.: Multi axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) of gas and aerosol distributions, Faraday Discuss., 130, 153–164, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="23" content_type="text"> Stutz, J. and Platt, U.: Numerical Analysis and Estimation of the Statistical Error of Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy Measurements with Least-Squares methods, Appl. Opt., 35, 6041–6053, 1996. </reference>
		<reference numeration="24" content_type="text"> Tuckermann, M., Ackermann, R., Gölz, C., Lorenzen-Schmidt, H., Senne, T., Stutz, J., Trost, B., Unold, W., and Platt, U.: DOAS-observation of Halogen Radical- catalysed Arctic Boundary Layer Ozone Destruction during the ARCTOC-campaigns 1995 and 1996 in Ny-Alesand, Spitsbergen, Tellus, 49B, 533–555, 1997. </reference>
		<reference numeration="25" content_type="text"> Usher, C R., Michel, A E., and Grassian, V H.: Reactions on Mineral Dust, Chem. Rev., 103, 4883–4939, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="26" content_type="text"> Vandaele, A C., Hermans, C., Simon, P C., Carleer, M., Colin, R., Fally, S., Mérienne, M., Jenouvrier, A., and Coquart, B.: Measurements of the NO2 absorption cross-section from 42 000 \unitcm^-1 to 10 000 \unitcm^-1 (238–1000 \unitnm) at 220 \unitK and 294 \unitK, J. Quant. Spectrosc. R. Transf., 59, 171–184, 1998. </reference>
		<reference numeration="27" content_type="text"> vanRoozendael, M. and Fayt, C.: WinDOAS 2.1. Software User Manuel, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="28" content_type="text"> Varner, R K., Crill, P M., and Talbott, R W.: Wetlands: a potentially significant source of atmospheric methylbromide and methylchloride, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 2433–2436, 1999. </reference>
		<reference numeration="29" content_type="text"> Vogt, R., Crutzen, P J., and Sander, R.: A mechanism for halogen release from sea-salt aerosol in the remote marine boandary layer, Nature, 383, 327–330, 1996. </reference>
		<reference numeration="30" content_type="text"> von Glasow, R. and Crutzen, P J.: Tropospheric Halogen Chemistry, edited by: Holland,~H D. and Turekian,~K K., Treatise on Geochemistry Update1, 4.02, 1–67, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="31" content_type="text"> Wagner, T., Dix, B., v Friedeburg, C., Frieß, U., Sanghavi, S., Sinreich, R., and Platt, U.: MAX-DOAS O4 measurements: a new technique to derive information on atmospheric aerosols – Principles and information content, J. Geophys. Research, 109, D22205, doi:10.1029/2004JD004904, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="32" content_type="text"> Wagner, T., Ibrahim, O., Sinreich, R., Frieß, U., von Glasow, R., and Platt, U.: Enhanced tropospheric BrO over Antarctic sea ice in mid winter observed by MAX-DOAS on board the research vessel Polarstern, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3129–3142, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="33" content_type="text"> Wennberg, P.: Bromine explosion, Nature, 397, 299–300, 1999. </reference>
		<reference numeration="34" content_type="text"> Wilmouth, D M., Hanisco, T F., Donahue, N M., and Anderson, J G.: Fourier transform ultraviolet spectroscopy of the $A^2\Pi_3/2 \leftarrow X^2\Pi_3/2$ transition of BrO, J. Phys. Chem., 103, 8935–8945, 1999. </reference>
	</references>
</article>

