Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net 1680-7367 1680-7375 9 2 2009 10.5194/acpd-9-6855-2009 http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/6855/2009/ http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/6855/2009/acpd-9-6855-2009.html http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/6855/2009/acpd-9-6855-2009.pdf 6855 6887 2009-03-12 A new insight on tropospheric methane in the Tropics – first year from IASI hyperspectral infrared observations C. Crevoisier D. Nobileau A. M. Fiore R. Armante A. Chédin N. A. Scott Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique/CNRS/IPSL, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory/NOAA, Princeton, New Jersey, USA Simultaneous observations from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU), launched together onboard the European MetOp platform in October 2006, are used to retrieve a mid-to-upper tropospheric content of methane (CH₄) in clear-sky conditions, in the Tropics, over sea, for the first 16 months of operation of MetOp (July 2007–October 2008). With its very high spectral resolution, IASI provides nine channels in the 7.7 μm band highly sensitive to CH₄ with reduced sensitivities to other atmospheric variables. These channels, sensitive to both CH₄ and temperature, are used in conjunction with AMSU channels, only sensitive to temperature, to decorrelate both signals through a non-linear inference scheme based on neural networks. A key point of this approach is that no use is made of prior information in terms of methane seasonality, trend, or geographical patterns. The accuracy of the retrieval is estimated to be about 16 ppbv (~0.9%). Features of the retrieved methane space-time distribution include: (1) a strong seasonal cycle of 30 ppbv in the Northern Tropics with a maximum in January–March and a minimum in July–September, and a flat seasonal cycle in the Southern Tropics, in agreement with in-situ measurements; (2) a latitudinal decrease of 30 ppbv from 20° N to 20° S, in boreal spring and summer, lower than what is observed at the surface but in excellent agreement with tropospheric aircraft measurements; (3) geographical patterns in good agreement with simulations from the atmospheric transport and chemistry model MOZART-2, but with a higher variability and a higher concentration in boreal winter; (4) signatures of CH₄ emissions transported to the middle troposphere such as a large plume of elevated tropospheric methane south of the Asian continent, which might be due to Asian emissions from rice paddies uplifted by deep convection during the monsoon period and then transported towards Indonesia. 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