<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/inc/acpd/copernicus.dtd">
<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net</journal_url>
		<issn>1680-7367</issn>
		<eissn>1680-7375</eissn>
		<volume_number>9</volume_number>
		<issue_number>1</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2009</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/acpd-9-3983-2009</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/3983/2009/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/3983/2009/acpd-9-3983-2009.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/3983/2009/acpd-9-3983-2009.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>3983</start_page>
	<end_page>4011</end_page>
	<publication_date>2009-02-09</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">A multimethodological approach to study the spatial distribution of air pollution in an Alpine valley during wintertime</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1">
			<name>R. Schnitzhofer</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="2" affiliations="1">
			<name>M. Norman</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="3" affiliations="1">
			<name>A. Wisthaler</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="4" affiliations="2">
			<name>J. Vergeiner</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="5" affiliations="2">
			<name>F. Harnisch</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="6" affiliations="2">
			<name>A. Gohm</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="7" affiliations="2">
			<name>F. Obleitner</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="8" affiliations="3">
			<name>A. Fix</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="9" affiliations="4">
			<name>B. Neininger</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="10" affiliations="1">
			<name>A. Hansel</name>
			<email>armin.hansel@uibk.ac.at</email>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="2" content_type="html">Institute of Meteorology and Geophysics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="3" content_type="html">Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="4" content_type="html">MetAir AG, Menzingen, Switzerland</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">In order to investigate the spatial distribution of air pollutants in the Inn
valley (Tyrol, Austria) during wintertime, a joint field campaign of the
three research projects ALPNAP (Monitoring and Minimisation of
Traffic-Induced Noise and Air Pollution Along Major Alpine Transport Routes),
INNAP (Boundary Layer Structure in the Inn Valley during high Air Pollution)
and INNOX (NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;-structure in the Inn Valley during High Air
Pollution) was carried out in January/February 2006. In addition to
continuous ground based measurements, vertical profiles of various air
pollutants and meteorological parameters were obtained on six selected days.
For in-situ investigations, a tethered balloon was used to analyse the lowest
atmospheric layers, 0–500 m above the valley bottom (a.v.b.), and a
research aircraft sampled at 150–2200 m a.v.b. An aircraft equipped with
an aerosol backscatter lidar performed nadir measurements at 3000 m a.v.b.
Combined results from a typical day show a strongly polluted layer up to
about 125 m a.v.b. in the morning. Around midday concentrations on the
valley floor decrease indicating some vertical air exchange despite thermally
stable conditions. Strong vertical and horizontal gradients with enhanced
pollution levels along the sunny side of the valley up to 1300 m a.v.b.
were observed in the afternoon. However, this vertical mixing due to
thermally or dynamically driven slope and valley winds was not strong enough
to renew the valley air volume.</abstract>
	<references>
		<reference numeration="1" content_type="text"> Carnuth, W. and Trickl, T.: Transport studies with the IFU three-wavelength aerosol lidar during the VOTALP Mesoclina experiment, Atmos. Environ., 34, 1425–1434, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="2" content_type="text"> Chazette, P., Couvert, P., Randriamiarisoa, H., Sanak, J., Bonsang, B., Moral, P., Berthier, S., Salanave, S., and Toussaint, F.: Three-dimensional survey of pollution during winter in French Alps valleys, Atmos. Environ., 39, 1035–1047, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="3" content_type="text"> Dreiseitl, E. and Stöhr, D.: Zusammenhänge zwischen Emission – Meteorologie – Immission, in: Auswirkungen des Straßenverkehrs auf die Umwelt – Teilberich Luft/Vegetation/Boden, Bericht an den Tiroler Landtag, 33–38, 1991. </reference>
		<reference numeration="4" content_type="text"> European Commission: Keep europe moving – Sustaiable mobility for our continent, available at: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/transport_policy_review/doc/2006_3167_brochure_en.pdf, (last access: 6 February 2009), 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="5" content_type="text"> Furger, M., Dommen, J., Graber, W K., Poggio, L., Prevot, A. S H., Emeis, S., Grell, G., Trickl, T., Gomiscek, B., Neininger, B., and Wotawa, G.: The VOTALP Mesoclina Valley Campaign 1996 – concept, background and some highlights, Atmos. Environ., 34, 1395–1412, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="6" content_type="text"> Gohm, A., Harnisch, F., Obleitner, F., Vergeiner, J., Schnitzhofer, R., Hansel, A., Fix, A., Neininger, B., and Emeis, S.: Air pollution transport in an Alpine valley: Results from airborne and ground-based observations, Bound-Lay. Meteorol., submitted, 2009. </reference>
		<reference numeration="7" content_type="text"> Grießer, E.: Quantitative Simulation des NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;-Konzentrationsverlaufes während der Belastungsepisode im November/Dezember 1999, Master&apos;s thesis, Universität Innsbruck, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="8" content_type="text"> Hansel, A., Jordan, A., Holzinger, R., Prazeller, P., Vogel, W., and Lindinger, W.: Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry: on-line trace gas analysis at the ppb level, Int. J. Mass. Spectrom., 149, 609–619, 1995. </reference>
		<reference numeration="9" content_type="text"> Harnisch, F., Gohm, A., Fix, A., Schnitzhofer, R., Hansel, A., and Neininger, B.: Spatial distribution of aerosols in the Inn Valley atmosphere during wintertime, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., doi:10.1029/2006GL028325, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="10" content_type="text"> Heimann, D., de~Franceschi, M., Emais, S., Lercher, P., and Seibert, P.: Air Pollution, Traffic Noise and Related Health Effects in the Alpine Space: A Guide for Authorities and Consulters, Universita degli Studi di Trento, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile e Abientale, Trento, Italy, available at: http://www.alpnap.org/results.html, (last access: 5 February 2009), 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="11" content_type="text"> Jensen, M., Wisthaler, A., Hansel, A., Persson, P. O G., and Templeman, B.: Real-time profile of organic trace gases in the Arctic boundary layer obtained during the Arctic Ocean Expedition (AOE-2001), 15th Conference on Boundary Layer and Turbulence, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 15–19 July 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="12" content_type="text"> Lehner, M. and Gohm, A.: Idealized Simulations of Daytime Pollution Transport in a Steep Valley and its Sensitivity to Thermal Stratification and Surface Albedo, Bound-Lay. Meteorol., submitted, 2009. </reference>
		<reference numeration="13" content_type="text"> Lindinger, W., Hansel, A., and Jordan, A.: On-line monitoring of volatile organic compounds at pptv levels by means of Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) Medical applications, food control and environmental research, Int. J. Mass. Spectrom., 173, 191–241, 1998a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="14" content_type="text"> Lindinger, W., Hansel, A., and Jordan, A.: Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS): on-line monitoring of volatile organic compounds at pptv levels, Chem. Soc. Rev., 27, 347–354, 1998b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="15" content_type="text"> Meister, A., Fix, A., Flentje, H., Wirth, M., and Ehret, G.: TropOLEX: A New Tuneable Airborne Lidar System for the Measurement of Tropospheric Ozone, in: 6th International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling, Leipzig, 14–20 September 2003, 233–235, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="16" content_type="text"> Neininger, B., Fuchs, W., Baeumle, M., and Volz-Thomas, A.: A small aircraft for more than just ozone: MetAir&apos;s &quot;Dimona&quot; after ten years of evolving development, Proceedings of the 11th Symposium on Meteorological Observations and Instrumentation, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="17" content_type="text"> Oettl, D., Hausberger, S., Rexeis, M., and Sturm, P.: Simulation of traffic induced NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;-concentrations near the A12 highway in Austria, Atmos. Environ., 40, 6043–6052, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="18" content_type="text"> Prevot, A. S H., Dommen, J., and Bäumle, M.: Influence of road traffic on volatile organic compound concentrations in and above a deep Alpine valley, Atmos. Environ., 34, 4719–4726, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="19" content_type="text"> Satzinger, L., Allinger-Csollich, E., Kammerlander, S., Knoflach, O., Lintner, A., Moser, E., Porcham, J., and Schmutzhard, L.: Verkehr in Tirol – Bericht 2006, available at: http://www.tirol.gv.at/fileadmin/www.tirol.gv.at/themen/verkehr/service/publikationen/downloads/VB2006-internet-gesamt2.pdf, (last access: 5 February 2009), 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="20" content_type="text"> Schlager, H. and Graf, J.: Projekt MEMOSA (Messungen und Modellierung des Schadstoffverhaltens im Alpenraum), Sonderdruck der DLR im Auftrag des Bayerischen Staatsministeriums für Landesentwicklung und Umweltfragen, des Amtes der Tiroler Landesregierung und der Autonomen Provinzen Bozen und Trento, 1–20, 1993. </reference>
		<reference numeration="21" content_type="text"> Schnitzhofer, R., Beauchamp, J., Dunkl, J., Wisthaler, A., Weber, A., and Hansel, A.: Long-Term Measurements of CO, NO, NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, Benzene, Toluene and PM$_10$ at a Motorway Location in an Austrian Valley, Atmos. Environ., 42(5), 1012–1024, doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.004, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="22" content_type="text"> Thudium, J.: Szenarien der Entwicklung des Schweren Güterverkehrs 2002–2012, Auswirkungen des Nachtfahrverbots auf der A12 Oktober 2002–Jänner 2003, Ökoscience, im Auftrag der Tiroler Landesregierung, available at: http://www.tirol.gv.at/fileadmin/www.tirol.gv.at/themen/umwelt/luftwqualitaet/downloads/szenarien-feber2003-endv2.pdf, (last access: 5 February 2009), 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="23" content_type="text"> Thudium, J.: Lufthygienische Situation im Unterinntal 2004, Ökoscience, im Auftrag der Tiroler Landesregierung, available at: http://www.tirol.gv.at/fileadmin/www.tirol.gv.at/themen/verkehr/verkehrsplanung/downloads/Situation_Unterinntal_2004.pdf, (last access: 5 February 2009), 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="24" content_type="text"> Vergeiner, I. and Dreiseitl, E.: Valley Winds and Slope Winds – Observation and Elementary Thoughts, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 36, 264–286, 1987. </reference>
		<reference numeration="25" content_type="text"> Verkehrsclub Österreich: Verkehr ist wachsendes Gesundheitsproblem, available at: http://www.vcoe.at/images/doku/VCOeFactsheetGesundheitundVerkehr.pdf, (last access: 5 February 2009), 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="26" content_type="text"> Weber, A., Schatzer, D., Schoeler, F., Poellmann, A., and Schwaninger, C.: Luftgüte in Tirol – Bericht über das Jahr 2005, available at: http://www.tirol.gv.at/uploads/media/Jahresbericht-2005.pdf, (last access: 5 February 2009), 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="27" content_type="text"> Wotawa, G., Seibert, P., Kromp-Kolb, H., and Hirschberg, M.-M.: Verkehrsbedingte Stickoxid-Belastung im Inntal: Einfluss meteorologischer und topographischer Faktoren, Endbericht zum Projekt Nr. 6983 Analyse der Schadstoffbelastung im Inntal des Jubiläumsfonds der Österreichischen Nationalbank, available at: http://www.boku.ac.at/imp/envmet/Inntal-Bericht.pdf, (last access: 5 February 2009), 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="28" content_type="text"> Zaengl, G.: A reexamation of the valley wind system in the Alpine Inn Valley with numerical simulations, Meteorol. Atmos. Phys., 87, 241–256, 2004. </reference>
	</references>
</article>

