|
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 309-361, 2009
www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/309/2009/ doi:10.5194/acpd-9-309-2009 © Author(s) 2009. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. |
Contributions from DMS and ship emissions to CCN observed over the summertime North Pacific
1Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
2Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
3Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
4University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
5Aerodyne Research Incorporated, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
*now at: Meteorological Service of Canada, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada
Abstract. Measurements of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) made over the remote North Pacific Ocean in July 2002 are analysed with concurrent measurements of aerosol number, mass and composition. Overall the CCN are controlled by the sulphate, including one case of particle nucleation and growth resulting from dimethyl sulphide oxidation that enhanced CCN concentrations. Hourly CCN concentrations are correlated with concentrations of sulphate plus methanesulphonic acid (MSA) over the entire study period (r2=0.43 and 0.52 for supersaturations of 0.34 and 0.19%, respectively), and are not well correlated with other organics (r2<0.2). One case study reveals elevated mass and number concentrations of ultrafine and fine organic particles due to regional ship emissions, during which organic mass concentrations (see Fig. 2). In Fig. 7c, the 80–90 nm particle concentrations are correlated with CCN values (r2=0.39 and 0.46 for supersaturations of 0.19 and 0.34%, respectively). The evolution of the time series and mass distributions of organics, sulphate and MSA over this timeframe indicate that the regional distribution of small, diffuse ship-sourced organic particles act as condensation sites for sulphur species, resulting in a subsequent increase in number concentrations of CCN. Direct emissions of organic particles may exert a strong control on marine CCN concentrations once diffused into the marine atmosphere by acting as condensation sites for biogenic and anthropogenic sulphur species.
Citation: Phinney, L., Leaitch, W. R., Lohmann, U., Shantz, N. C., and Worsnop, D. R.: Contributions from DMS and ship emissions to CCN observed over the summertime North Pacific, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 309-361, doi:10.5194/acpd-9-309-2009, 2009.