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<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net</journal_url>
		<issn>1680-7367</issn>
		<eissn>1680-7375</eissn>
		<volume_number>9</volume_number>
		<issue_number>1</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2009</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/acpd-9-2917-2009</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/2917/2009/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/2917/2009/acpd-9-2917-2009.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/2917/2009/acpd-9-2917-2009.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>2917</start_page>
	<end_page>2931</end_page>
	<publication_date>2009-01-29</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">Weather response to management of a large wind turbine array</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1">
			<name>D. B. Barrie</name>
			<email>dbarrie@atmos.umd.edu</email>
		</author>
		<author numeration="2" affiliations="1">
			<name>D. B. Kirk-Davidoff</name>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">Electrical generation by wind turbines is increasing rapidly, and has
      been projected to satisfy 15% of world electric demand by 2030. The
      extensive installation of wind farms would alter surface roughness and
      significantly impact the atmospheric circulation, due to the
      additional surface roughness forcing. This forcing could be changed
      deliberately by adjusting the attitude of the turbine blades with
      respect to the wind. Using a General Circulation Model (GCM), we
      represent a continent-scale wind farm as a distributed array of
      surface roughness elements. Here we show that initial disturbances
      caused by a step change in roughness grow within four and a half days
      such that the flow is altered at synoptic scales. The growth rate of
      the induced perturbations is largest in regions of high atmospheric
      instability. For a roughness change imposed over North America, the
      induced perturbations involve substantial changes in the track and
      development of cyclones over the North Atlantic, and the magnitude of
      the perturbations rises above the level of forecast uncertainty.</abstract>
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