References

ACPD

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions

ACPD

1680-7375

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acpd-9-20721-2009

A numerical evaluation of global oceanic emissions of α-pinene and isoprene

Luo

¹ Yu

Atmospheric Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, 251 Fuller Road, Albany, New York 12203, USA

01 10 2009

9 5 20721 20738

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/20721/2009/acpd-9-20721-2009.html

The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/20721/2009/acpd-9-20721-2009.pdf

A numerical evaluation of global oceanic emissions of α-pinene and isoprene based on both "bottom-up" and "top-down" methods is presented. As far as we know, this is the first quantification of global oceanic emission of α-pinene. We infer that the global "bottom-up" oceanic emissions of α-pinene and isoprene are 0.013 Tg C yr−1 and 0.32 Tg C yr−1, respectively. By constraining global chemistry model simulations with the shipboard measurement of Organics over the Ocean Modifying Particles in both Hemispheres summer cruise, we derived the global "top-down" oceanic α-pinene source of 35.1 Tg C yr−1 and isoprene source of 2.5 Tg C yr−1. The global oceanic α-pinene source and its impact on organic aerosol formation is significant based on "top-down" method, but is negligible based on "bottom-up" approach. Our research highlights the importance to carry out further research (especially measurements) to resolve the large offset in the derived oceanic organic emission based on two different approaches.

References 1

Alvain,~S., Moulin, C., Dandonneau, Y., et~al.: Seasonal distribution and succession of dominant phytoplankton groups in the global ocean: A~satellite view, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB3001, doi:10.1029/2007GB003154, 2008.

Arnold, S. R., Spracklen, D. V., Williams, J., Yassaa, N., Sciare, J., Bonsang, B., Gros, V., Peeken, I., Lewis, A. C., Alvain, S., and Moulin, C.: Evaluation of the global oceanic isoprene source and its impacts on marine organic carbon aerosol, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 1253–1262, 2009.

Broadgate,~W., Liss, P., and Penkett, S.: Seasonal emissions of isoprene and other reactive hydrocarbon gases from the ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24(21), 2675–2678, 1997.

Ceburnis,~D., Dowd, C. D. O., Jennings, G. S., et~al.: Marine aerosol chemistry gradients: Elucidating primary and secondary processes and fluxes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35(7), 1–5, 2008.

de Boyer Montegut,~C., Madec, G., Fischer, A. S., et~al.: Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of profile data and a~profile-based climatology, J Geophys. Res., 109, C12003, doi:10.1029/2004JC002378, 2004.

Gabric,~A J., Shephard, J. M., Knight, J. M., et~al.: Correlations between the satellite-derived seasonal cycles of phytoplankton biomass and aerosol optical depth in the Southern Ocean: Evidence for the influence of sea ice, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 19(4), 1–10, 2005.

Gantt, B., Meskhidze, N., and Kamykowski, D.: A new physically-based quantification of marine isoprene and primary organic aerosol emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4915–4927, 2009.

Heald,~C L., Jacob, D. J., Park, R. J., et~al.: A~large organic aerosol source in the free troposphere missing from current models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32(18), 1–4, 2005.

Heald,~C L., Jacob, D. J., Park, R. J., et~al.: Transpacific transport of Asian anthropogenic aerosols and its impact on surface air quality in the United States, J Geophys. Res., 111(D14), 1–13, 2006.

Kaufman,~Y J., Tanre, D., and Boucher, O.: A~satellite view of aerosols in the climate system, Nature, 419(6903), 215–223, 2002.

Lee,~A., Goldstein, A. H., Kroll, J. H., et~al.: Gas-phase products and secondary aerosol yields from the photooxidation of 16 different terpenes, J Geophys. Res., 111(D17), 1–25, 2006.

Liao~H., Henze,~D K., Seinfeld,~J H., Wu,~S., and Mickley,~L J.: Biogenic secondary organic aerosol over the United States: Comparison of climatological simulations with observations, J Geophys. Res., 112, D06201, doi:10.1029/2006JD007813, 2007.

Mayewski,~P A., Meredith, M. P., Summerhayes, C. P., et~al.: State of the Antarctic and Southern Ocean climate system, Rev. Geophys., 47(1), 1–38, 2009.

Meskhidze,~N. and Nenes,~A.: Phytoplankton and cloudiness in the Southern Ocean, Science, 314(5804), 1419–1423, 2006.

Murphy,~D M., Anderson, J. R., Quinn, P. K., et~al.: Influence of sea-salt on aerosol radiative properties in the Southern Ocean marine boundary layer, Nature, 392(6671), 62–65, 1998.

Nightingale,~P., Liss, P., and Schlosser, P.: Measurements of air-sea gas transfer during an open ocean algal bloom, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(14), 2117–2120, 2000.

O'Dowd,~C D., Langmann, B., Varghese, S., et~al.: A~combined organic-inorganic sea-spray source function, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35(1), 1–5, 2008.

Palmer,~P I. and Shaw,~S L.: Quantifying global marine isoprene fluxes using MODIS chlorophyll observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32(9), 1–5, 2005.

Roelofs, G. J.: A GCM study of organic matter in marine aerosol and its potential contribution to cloud drop activation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 709–719, 2008.

Spracklen,~D V., Arnold, S. R., Sciare, J., et~al.: Globally significant oceanic source of organic carbon aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35(12), 1–5, 2008.

Wanninkhof,~R.: Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean, J Geophys. Res., 97, 7373–7382, 1992.

Yassaa,~N., Peeken, I., Zöllner, E., et~al.: Evidence for marine production of monoterpenes, Environ. Chem., 5(6), 391–401, 2008.

Yu, F. and Luo, G.: Simulation of particle size distribution with a global aerosol model: contribution of nucleation to aerosol and CCN number concentrations, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 9, 10597–10645, 2009.