Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions
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10.5194/acpd-9-19599-2009
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/19599/2009/
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/19599/2009/acpd-9-19599-2009.html
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/19599/2009/acpd-9-19599-2009.pdf
19599
19640
2009-09-22
Estimates of biomass burning emissions in tropical Asia based on satellite-derived data
D. Chang
Y. Song
songyu@pku.edu.cn
Department of Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Biomass burning in tropical Asia emits large amounts of trace gases and particulate matters
into the atmosphere, which has significant implications for atmospheric chemistry and
climatic change. In this study, emissions from open biomass burning over tropical Asia were
evaluated during seven fire years from 2000–2006 (1 April 2000–31 March 2007). Burned
areas were estimated from newly published 1-km L3JRC and 500-m MODIS burned area products
(MCD45A1). Available fuel loads and emission factors were assigned for each vegetation type
in a GlobCover characterisation map, and fuel moisture content was taken into account when
calculating combustion factors. Over the whole period, both burned areas and fire emissions
clearly showed spatial and seasonal variations. The L3JRC burned areas ranged from
31 165 km<sup>2</sup> in fire year 2005 to 57 313 km<sup>2</sup> in 2000, while the
MCD45A1 burned areas ranged from 54 260 km<sup>2</sup> in fire year 2001 to
127 068 km<sup>2</sup> in 2004. Comparisons of L3JRC and MCD45A1 burned areas with
ground-based measurements and other satellite information were constructed in several major
burning regions, and results suggested that MCD45A1 performed better in most areas than
L3JRC did although with a certain degree of underestimation of burned forest areas. The
average annual L3JRC-based emissions were 125, 12, 0.98, 1.91, 0.11, 0.89, 0.044, 0.022,
0.42, 3.40, and 3.68 Tg yr<sup−1</sup> for CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, CH<sub>4</sub>,
NMHC<sub>s</sub>, NO<sub>x</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, BC, OC, PM<sub>2.5</sub>,
and PM<sub>10</sub>, respectively, while MCD45A1-based emissions were 130, 9.79, 0.65, 1.14,
0.12, 0.56, 0.046, 0.036, 0.42, 3.21, and 3.49 Tg yr<sup>−1</sup>. Forest burning was
determined as the major source of the fire emissions due to the high carbon
density. Although agricultural burning was the second important contributor, a great deal of
crop residue combustion could probably be missed by satellite observations when compared to
previously published data, which may be because of its small burning size. Fire emissions
were mainly concentrated in Indonesia, India, Myanmar, and Cambodia. Furthermore, the peak
in burned area was generally found in the early fire season, while the maximum fire
emissions often occurred in the late fire season.
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