ACPD Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ACPD 1680-7375 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acpd-9-15769-2009 Evaluation of black carbon estimations in global aerosol models Koch D. 1 2 Schulz M. 3 Kinne S. 4 Bond T. C. 6 Balkanski Y. 3 Bauer S. 1 2 Berntsen T. 13 Boucher O. 14 Chin M. 15 Clarke A. 10 De Luca N. 26 Dentener F. 16 Diehl T. 17 Dubovik O. 14 Easter R. 18 Fahey D. W. 9 Feichter J. 4 Fillmore D. 23 Freitag S. 10 Ghan S. 18 Ginoux P. 19 Gong S. 20 Horowitz L. 19 Iversen T. 13 28 Kirkevåg A. 28 Klimont Z. 7 Kondo Y. 11 Krol M. 12 Liu X. 18 25 McNaughton C. 10 Miller R. 2 Montanaro V. 25 Moteki N. 11 Myhre G. 13 21 Penner J. E. 24 Perlwitz Ja. 1 2 Pitari G. 25 Reddy S. 14 Sahu L. 11 Sakamoto H. 11 Schuster G. 5 Schwarz J. P. 9 Seland Ø. 28 Spackman J. R. 9 Stier P. 26 Takegawa N. 11 Takemura T. 27 Textor C. 3 van Aardenne J. A. 8 Zhao Y. 22 Columbia University, New York, NY, USA NASA GISS, New York, NY, USA Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France Max-Planck-Institut fur Meteorologie, Hamburg, Germany NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria European Commission, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Centre, Ispra, Italy NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division and Cooperative Inst. for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA RCAST, University of Tokyo, Japan Meteorology and Air Quality, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Universite des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, CNRS, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA EC, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Italy University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA Battelle Pacific Northwest Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, USA NOAA, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA ARQM Meteorological Service Canada, Toronto, Canada Center for International Climate and Environmental Research – Oslo (CICERO) Oslo, Norway University of California – Davis, CA, USA NCAR, Boulder, CO, USA University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA Universita degli Studi L'Aquila, Italy Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, UK Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway 24 07 2009 9 4 15769 15825 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/15769/2009/acpd-9-15769-2009.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/15769/2009/acpd-9-15769-2009.pdf

We evaluate black carbon (BC) model predictions from the AeroCom model intercomparison project by considering the diversity among year 2000 model simulations and comparing model predictions with available measurements. These model-measurement intercomparisons include BC surface and aircraft concentrations, aerosol absorption optical depth (AAOD) from AERONET and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) retrievals and BC column estimations based on AERONET. In regions other than Asia, most models are biased high compared to surface concentration measurements. However compared with (column) AAOD or BC burden retreivals, the models are generally biased low. The average ratio of model to retrieved AAOD is less than 0.7 in South American and 0.6 in African biomass burning regions; both of these regions lack surface concentration measurements. In Asia the average model to observed ratio is 0.6 for AAOD and 0.5 for BC surface concentrations. Compared with aircraft measurements over the Americas at latitudes between 0 and 50 N, the average model is a factor of 10 larger than observed, and most models exceed the measured BC standard deviation in the mid to upper troposphere. At higher latitudes the average model to aircraft BC is 0.6 and underestimates the observed BC loading in the lower and middle troposphere associated with springtime Arctic haze. Low model bias for AAOD but overestimation of surface and upper atmospheric BC concentrations at lower latitudes suggests that most models are underestimating BC absorption and should improve estimates for refractive index, particle size, and optical effects of BC coating. Retrieval uncertainties and/or differences with model diagnostic treatment may also contribute to the model-measurement disparity. Largest AeroCom model diversity occurred in northern Eurasia and the remote Arctic, regions influenced by anthropogenic sources. Changing emissions, aging, removal, or optical properties within a single model generated a smaller change in model predictions than the range represented by the full set of AeroCom models. Upper tropospheric concentrations of BC mass from the aircraft measurements are suggested to provide a unique new benchmark to test scavenging and vertical dispersion of BC in global models.

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