ACPD Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ACPD 1680-7375 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acpd-9-11087-2009 Atmospheric aerosols in the earth system: a review of interactions and feedbacks Carslaw K. S. 1 Boucher O. 2 Spracklen D. V. 1 Mann G. W. 1 Rae J. G. L. 2 Woodward S. 2 Kulmala M. 3 School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK Met Office Hadley Centre, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, UK University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, Division of Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysics, Helsinki, Finland 05 05 2009 9 3 11087 11183 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/11087/2009/acpd-9-11087-2009.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/11087/2009/acpd-9-11087-2009.pdf

The natural environment is a major source of atmospheric aerosols, including dust, secondary organic material from terrestrial biogenic emissions, carbonaceous particles from wildfires, and sulphate from marine phytoplankton dimethyl sulphide emissions. These aerosols also have a significant effect on many components of the Earth system such as the atmospheric radiative balance and photosynthetically available radiation entering the biosphere, the supply of nutrients to the ocean, and the albedo of snow and ice. The physical and biological systems that produce these aerosols can be highly susceptible to modification due to climate change so there is the potential for important climate feedbacks. We review the impact of these natural systems on atmospheric aerosol based on observations and models, including the potential for long term changes in emissions and the feedbacks on climate. The number of drivers of change is very large and the various systems are strongly coupled. There have therefore been very few studies that integrate the various effects to estimate climate feedback factors. Nevertheless, available observations and model studies suggest that the regional radiative forcings are potentially several Watts per square metre due to changes in these natural aerosol emissions in a future climate. The level of scientific understanding of the climate drivers, interactions and impacts is very low.

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