Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions
www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net
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9
1
2009
10.5194/acpd-9-1-2009
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/1/2009/
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/1/2009/acpd-9-1-2009.html
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/9/1/2009/acpd-9-1-2009.pdf
1
21
2009-01-05
Common inorganic ions are efficient catalysts for organic reactions in atmospheric aerosols and other natural environments
B. Nozière
barbara@misu.su.se
P. Dziedzic
A. Córdova
Department of Meteorology, Svante Arrhenius vg 12, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
Department of Organic Chemstry, Svante Arrhenius vg 12, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
now at: Department of Applied Environmental Science, Stockholm, Sweden
In this work, inorganic ammonium ions, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, and
carbonate ions, CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup>, are reported for the first time as
catalysts for organic reactions in atmospheric aerosols and other
natural environments at the Earth's surface. These reactions include
the formation of C–C and C–O bonds by aldol condensation
and acetal formation, and reveal a new aspect of the interactions
between organic and inorganic materials in natural environments. The
catalytic properties of inorganic ammonium ions, in particular, were
not previously known in chemistry. The reactions were found to be as
fast in tropospheric ammonium sulfate composition as in concentrated
sulfuric acid. The ubiquitous presence and large concentrations of
ammonium ions in tropospheric aerosols would make of ammonium
catalysis a main consumption pathway for organic compounds in these
aerosols, while acid catalysis would have a minor contribution. In
particular, ammonium catalysis would account quantitatively for the
aging of carbonyl compounds into secondary ''fulvic'' compounds in
tropospheric aerosols, a transformation affecting the optical
properties of these aerosols. In general, ammonium catalysis is likely
to be responsible for many observations previously attributed to acid
catalysis in the troposphere.
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