<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/inc/acpd/copernicus.dtd">
<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net</journal_url>
		<issn>1680-7367</issn>
		<eissn>1680-7375</eissn>
		<volume_number>8</volume_number>
		<issue_number>3</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2008</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/acpd-8-9435-2008</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/9435/2008/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/9435/2008/acpd-8-9435-2008.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/9435/2008/acpd-8-9435-2008.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>9435</start_page>
	<end_page>9475</end_page>
	<publication_date>2008-05-23</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">Technical Note: Quantitative long-term measurements of VOC concentrations  by PTR-MS &amp;ndash; measurement, calibration, and volume mixing ratio calculation methods</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1">
			<name>R. Taipale</name>
			<email>risto.taipale@helsinki.fi</email>
		</author>
		<author numeration="2" affiliations="1">
			<name>T. M. Ruuskanen</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="3" affiliations="1">
			<name>J. Rinne</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="4" affiliations="1">
			<name>M. K. Kajos</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="5" affiliations="2">
			<name>H. Hakola</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="6" affiliations="3">
			<name>T. Pohja</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="7" affiliations="1">
			<name>M. Kulmala</name>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 68,  00014 University of Helsinki, Finland</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="2" content_type="html">Finnish Meteorological Institute, Air Quality Research, P.O. Box  503, 00101 Helsinki, Finland</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="3" content_type="html">University of Helsinki, Hyytiälä Forestry Field Station,  Hyytiäläntie 124, 35500 Korkeakoski, Finland</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) is a technique for
online measurements of atmospheric concentrations, or volume mixing ratios,
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The aim of this paper is to give a
detailed description of our measurement, calibration, and volume mixing
ratio calculation methods, which have been designed for long-term
stand-alone field measurements by PTR-MS. We also show how the information
obtained from a calibration can be used to determine the instrument
specific relative transmission curve, which enables quantitative mixing
ratio calculation for VOCs which are not present in a calibration gas
standard. To illustrate the functionality of our measurement, calibration,
and calculation methods, we present a one-month period of ambient mixing
ratio data measured in a boreal forest ecosystem at the SMEAR II station in
southern Finland. During the measurement period 27 March&amp;ndash;26 April 2007,
the hourly averages of mixing ratios were 0.1&amp;ndash;0.5 ppbv for formaldehyde,
0.2&amp;ndash;3.0 ppbv for methanol, 0.04&amp;ndash;0.39 ppbv for benzene, and 0.03&amp;ndash;1.25 ppbv for monoterpenes.</abstract>
	<references>
		<reference numeration="1" content_type="text"> Allan, J D., Alfarra, M R., Bower, K N., Coe, H., Jayne, J T., Worsnop, D R., Aalto, P P., Kulmala, M., Hyötyläinen, T., Cavalli, F., and Laaksonen, A.: Size and composition measurements of background aerosol and new particle growth in a Finnish forest during QUEST 2 using an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 315&amp;ndash;327, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="2" content_type="text"> Ammann, C., Spirig, C., Neftel, A., Steinbacher, M., Komenda, M., and Schaub, A.: Application of PTR-MS for measurements of biogenic VOC in a deciduous forest, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 239, 87&amp;ndash;101, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="3" content_type="text"> Ammann, C., Brunner, A., Spirig, C., and Neftel, A.: Technical note: Water vapour concentration and flux measurements with PTR-MS, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4643&amp;ndash;4651, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="4" content_type="text"> Andreae, M O. and Merlet, P.: Emission of trace gases and aerosols from biomass burning, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15(4), 955&amp;ndash;966, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="5" content_type="text"> Atkinson, R. and Arey, J.: Atmospheric degradation of volatile organic compounds, Chem. Rev., 103, 4605&amp;ndash;4638, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="6" content_type="text"> Brunner, A., Ammann, C., Neftel, A., and Spirig, C.: Methanol exchange between grassland and the atmosphere, Biogeosciences, 4, 395&amp;ndash;410, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="7" content_type="text"> Crutzen, P J., Williams, J., Pöschl, U., Hoor, P., Fischer, H., Warneke, C., Holzinger, R., Hansel, A., Lindinger, W., Scheeren, B., and Lelieveld, J.: High spatial and temporal resolution measurements of primary organics and their oxidation products over the tropical forests of Surinam, Atmos. Environ., 34, 1161&amp;ndash;1165, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="8" content_type="text"> de~Gouw, J. and Warneke, C.: Measurements of volatile organic compounds in the Earth&apos;s atmosphere using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry, Mass Spectrom. Rev., 26, 223&amp;ndash;257, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="9" content_type="text"> de~Gouw, J., Warneke, C., Karl, T., Eerdekens, G., van~der Veen, C., and Fall, R.: Sensitivity and specificity of atmospheric trace gas detection by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 223&amp;ndash;224, 365&amp;ndash;382, 2003a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="10" content_type="text"> de~Gouw, J., Warneke, C., Holzinger, R., Klüpfel, T., and Williams, J.: Inter-comparison between airborne measurements of methanol, acetonitrile and acetone using two differently configured PTR-MS instruments, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 239, 129&amp;ndash;137, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="11" content_type="text"> de~Gouw, J A., Goldan, P D., Warneke, C., Kuster, W C., Roberts, J M., Marchewka, M., Bertman, S B., Pszenny, A. A P., and Keene, W C.: Validation of proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) measurements of gas-phase organic compounds in the atmosphere during the New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) in 2002, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D21), 4682, \doi10.1029/2003JD003863, 2003b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="12" content_type="text"> Fall, R., Karl, T., Hansel, A., Jordan, A., and Lindinger, W.: Volatile organic compounds emitted after leaf wounding: On-line analysis by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry, J. Geophys. Res., 104(D13), 15 963&amp;ndash;15 974, 1999. </reference>
		<reference numeration="13" content_type="text"> Fritsch, F N. and Carlson, R E.: Monotone piecewise cubic interpolation, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 17(2), 238&amp;ndash;246, 1980. </reference>
		<reference numeration="14" content_type="text"> Guenther, A., Hewitt, C N., Erickson, D., Fall, R., Geron, C., Graedel, T., Harley, P., Klinger, L., Lerdau, M., McKay, W A., Pierce, T., Scholes, B., Steinbrecher, R., Tallamraju, R., Taylor, J., and Zimmerman, P.: A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 100(D5), 8873&amp;ndash;8892, 1995. </reference>
		<reference numeration="15" content_type="text"> Haapanala, S., Rinne, J., Hakola, H., Hellén, H., Laakso, L., Lihavainen, H., Janson, R., O&apos;Dowd, C., and Kulmala, M.: Boundary layer concentrations and landscape scale emissions of volatile organic compounds in early spring, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 1869&amp;ndash;1878, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="16" content_type="text"> Hakola, H., Laurila, T., Rinne, J., and Puhto, K.: The ambient concentrations of biogenic hydrocarbons at a northern European, boreal site, Atmos. Environ., 34, 4971&amp;ndash;4982, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="17" content_type="text"> Hakola, H., Tarvainen, V., Laurila, T., Hiltunen, V., Hellén, H., and Keronen, P.: Seasonal variation of VOC concentrations above a boreal coniferous forest, Atmos. Environ., 37, 1623&amp;ndash;1634, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="18" content_type="text"> Hakola, H., Tarvainen, V., Bäck, J., Ranta, H., Bonn, B., Rinne, J., and Kulmala, M.: Seasonal variation of mono- and sesquiterpene emission rates of Scots pine, Biogeosciences, 3, 93&amp;ndash;101, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="19" content_type="text"> Hansel, A., Jordan, A., Holzinger, R., Prazeller, P., Vogel, W., and Lindinger, W.: Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry: on-line trace gas analysis at the ppb level, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 149/150, 609&amp;ndash;619, 1995. </reference>
		<reference numeration="20" content_type="text"> Hansel, A., Singer, W., Wisthaler, A., Schwarzmann, M., and Lindinger, W.: Energy dependencies of the proton transfer reactions H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O$^+$ $+$ CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O $\Leftrightarrow$ CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;OH$^+$ $+$ H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 167/168, 697&amp;ndash;703, 1997. </reference>
		<reference numeration="21" content_type="text"> Hari, P. and Kulmala, M.: Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR II), Boreal Environ. Res., 10, 315&amp;ndash;322, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="22" content_type="text"> Hayward, S., Hewitt, C N., Sartin, J H., and Owen, S M.: Performance characteristics and applications of a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer for measuring volatile organic compounds in ambient air, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1554&amp;ndash;1560, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="23" content_type="text"> Hayward, S., Tani, A., Owen, S M., and Hewitt, C N.: Online analysis of volatile organic compound emissions from Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis), Tree Physiol., 24, 721&amp;ndash;728, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="24" content_type="text"> Heikes, B G., Chang, W., Pilson, M. E Q., Swift, E., Singh, H B., Guenther, A., Jacob, D J., Field, B D., Fall, R., Riemer, D., and Brand, L.: Atmospheric methanol budget and ocean implication, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 16(4), 1133, \doi10.1029/2002GB001895, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="25" content_type="text"> Hellén, H., Hakola, H., Reissell, A., and Ruuskanen, T M.: Carbonyl compounds in boreal coniferous forest air in Hyytiälä, Southern Finland, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1771&amp;ndash;1780, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="26" content_type="text"> Holzinger, R., Kleiss, B., Donoso, L., and Sanhueza, E.: Aromatic hydrocarbons at urban, sub-urban, rural ($8^\circ52&apos;$N; $67^\circ19&apos;$W) and remote sites in Venezuela, Atmos. Environ., 35, 4917&amp;ndash;4927, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="27" content_type="text"> Inomata, S., Tanimoto, H., Kameyama, S., Tsunogai, U., Irie, H., Kanaya, Y., and Wang, Z.: Technical Note: Determination of formaldehyde mixing ratios in air with PTR-MS: laboratory experiments and field measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 273&amp;ndash;284, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="28" content_type="text"> Janson, R. and de~Serves, C.: Acetone and monoterpene emissions from the boreal forest in northern Europe, Atmos. Environ., 35, 4629&amp;ndash;4637, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="29" content_type="text"> Jiang, M., Marr, L C., Dunlea, E J., Herndon, S C., Jayne, J T., Kolb, C E., Knighton, W B., Rogers, T M., Zavala, M., Molina, L T., and Molina, M J.: Vehicle fleet emissions of black carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other pollutants measured by a mobile laboratory in Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 3377&amp;ndash;3387, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="30" content_type="text"> Karl, T., Guenther, A., Jordan, A., Fall, R., and Lindinger, W.: Eddy covariance measurement of biogenic oxygenated VOC emissions from hay harvesting, Atmos. Environ., 35, 491&amp;ndash;495, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="31" content_type="text"> Karl, T., Curtis, A J., Rosenstiel, T N., Monson, R K., and Fall, R.: Transient releases of acetaldehyde from tree leaves &amp;ndash; products of a pyruvate overflow mechanism?, Plant Cell Environ., 25, 1121&amp;ndash;1131, 2002a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="32" content_type="text"> Karl, T., Jobson, T., Kuster, W C., Williams, E., Stutz, J., Shetter, R., Hall, S R., Goldan, P., Fehsenfeld, F., and Lindinger, W.: Use of proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry to characterize volatile organic compound sources at the La Porte super site during the Texas Air Quality Study 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D16), 4508, \doi10.1029/2002JD003333, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="33" content_type="text"> Karl, T G., Spirig, C., Rinne, J., Stroud, C., Prevost, P., Greenberg, J., Fall, R., and Guenther, A.: Virtual disjunct eddy covariance measurements of organic compound fluxes from a subalpine forest using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2, 279&amp;ndash;291, 2002b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="34" content_type="text"> Kulmala, M., Hämeri, K., Aalto, P P., Mäkelä, J M., Pirjola, L., Nilsson, E D., Buzorius, G., Rannik, Ü., Dal Maso, M., Seidl, W., Hoffman, T., Janson, R., Hansson, H.-C., Viisanen, Y., Laaksonen, A., and O&apos;Dowd, C D.: Overview of the international project on biogenic aerosol formation in the boreal forest (BIOFOR), Tellus, 53B, 324&amp;ndash;343, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="35" content_type="text"> Kulmala, M., Suni, T., Lehtinen, K. E J., Dal Maso, M., Boy, M., Reissell, A., Rannik, Ü., Aalto, P., Keronen, P., Hakola, H., Bäck, J., Hoffmann, T., Vesala, T., and Hari, P.: A new feedback mechanism linking forests, aerosols, and climate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 557&amp;ndash;562, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="36" content_type="text"> Lee, A., Goldstein, A H., Keywood, M D., Gao, S., Varutbangkul, V., Bahreini, R., Ng, N L., Flagan, R C., and Seinfeld, J H.: Gas-phase products and secondary aerosol yields from the ozonolysis of ten different terpenes, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D07302, \doi10.1029/2005JD006437, 2006a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="37" content_type="text"> Lee, A., Goldstein, A H., Kroll, J H., Ng, N L., Varutbangkul, V., Flagan, R C., and Seinfeld, J H.: Gas-phase products and secondary aerosol yields from the photooxidation of 16 different terpenes, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D17305, \doi10.1029/2006JD007050, 2006b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="38" content_type="text"> Lindinger, W., Hansel, A., and Jordan, A.: On-line monitoring of volatile organic compounds at pptv levels by means of Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) &amp;ndash; Medical applications, food control and environmental research, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 173, 191&amp;ndash;241, 1998a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="39" content_type="text"> Lindinger, W., Hansel, A., and Jordan, A.: Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS): on-line monitoring of volatile organic compounds at pptv levels, Chem. Soc. Rev., 27, 347&amp;ndash;354, 1998b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="40" content_type="text"> Nozière, B. and Esteve, W.: Organic reactions increasing the absorption index of atmospheric sulfuric acid aerosols, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L03812, \doi10.1029/2004GL021942, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="41" content_type="text"> Paulsen, D., Dommen, J., Kalberer, M., Prévôt, A. S H., Richter, R., Sax, M., Steinbacher, M., Weingartner, E., and Baltensperger, U.: Secondary organic aerosol formation by irradiation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene&amp;ndash;NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;ndash;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O in a new reaction chamber for atmospheric chemistry and physics, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 2668&amp;ndash;2678, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="42" content_type="text"> Piccot, S D., Watson, J J., and Jones, J W.: A global inventory of volatile organic compound emissions from anthropogenic sources, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D9), 9897&amp;ndash;9912, 1992. </reference>
		<reference numeration="43" content_type="text"> Rinne, H. J I., Guenther, A B., Warneke, C., de~Gouw, J A., and Luxembourg, S L.: Disjunct eddy covariance technique for trace gas flux measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(16), 3139&amp;ndash;3142, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="44" content_type="text"> Rinne, J., Hakola, H., Laurila, T., and Rannik, Ü.: Canopy scale monoterpene emissions of Pinus sylvestris dominated forests, Atmos. Environ., 34, 1099&amp;ndash;1107, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="45" content_type="text"> Rinne, J., Ruuskanen, T M., Reissell, A., Taipale, R., Hakola, H., and Kulmala, M.: On-line PTR-MS measurements of atmospheric concentrations of volatile organic compounds in a European boreal forest ecosystem, Boreal Environ. Res., 10, 425&amp;ndash;436, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="46" content_type="text"> Rinne, J., Taipale, R., Markkanen, T., Ruuskanen, T M., Hellén, H., Kajos, M K., Vesala, T., and Kulmala, M.: Hydrocarbon fluxes above a Scots pine forest canopy: measurements and modeling, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3361&amp;ndash;3372, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="47" content_type="text"> Ruuskanen, T M., Kolari, P., Bäck, J., Kulmala, M., Rinne, J., Hakola, H., Taipale, R., Raivonen, M., Altimir, N., and Hari, P.: On-line field measurements of monoterpene emissions from Scots pine by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry, Boreal Environ. Res., 10, 553&amp;ndash;567, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="48" content_type="text"> Spirig, C., Neftel, A., Ammann, C., Dommen, J., Grabmer, W., Thielmann, A., Schaub, A., Beauchamp, J., Wisthaler, A., and Hansel, A.: Eddy covariance flux measurements of biogenic VOCs during ECHO 2003 using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 465&amp;ndash;481, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="49" content_type="text"> Steinbacher, M., Dommen, J., Ammann, C., Spirig, C., Neftel, A., and Prevot, A. S H.: Performance characteristics of a proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometer (PTR-MS) derived from laboratory and field measurements, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 239, 117&amp;ndash;128, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="50" content_type="text"> Tani, A., Hayward, S., and Hewitt, C N.: Measurement of monoterpenes and related compounds by proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 223/224, 561&amp;ndash;578, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="51" content_type="text"> Tani, A., Hayward, S., Hansel, A., and Hewitt, C N.: Effect of water vapour pressure on monoterpene measurements using proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 239, 161&amp;ndash;169, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="52" content_type="text"> Tarvainen, V., Hakola, H., Hellén, H., Bäck, J., Hari, P., and Kulmala, M.: Temperature and light dependence of the VOC emissions of Scots pine, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 989&amp;ndash;998, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="53" content_type="text"> Tunved, P., Hansson, H.-C., Kerminen, V.-M., Ström, J., Dal Maso, M., Lihavainen, H., Viisanen, Y., Aalto, P P., Komppula, M., and Kulmala, M.: High natural aerosol loading over boreal forests, Science, 312, 261&amp;ndash;263, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="54" content_type="text"> Vartiainen, E., Kulmala, M., Ruuskanen, T M., Taipale, R., Rinne, J., and Vehkamäki, H.: Formation and growth of indoor air aerosol particles as a result of d-limonene oxidation, Atmos. Environ., 40, 7882&amp;ndash;7892, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="55" content_type="text"> Vesala, T., Haataja, J., Aalto, P., Altimir, N., Buzorius, G., Garam, E., Hämeri, K., Ilvesniemi, H., Jokinen, V., Keronen, P., Lahti, T., Markkanen, T., Mäkelä, J M., Nikinmaa, E., Palmroth, S., Palva, L., Pohja, T., Pumpanen, J., Rannik, Ü., Siivola, E., Ylitalo, H., Hari, P., and Kulmala, M.: Long-term field measurements of atmosphere-surface interactions in boreal forest combining forest ecology, micrometeorology, aerosol physics and atmospheric chemistry, Trends in Heat, Mass and Momentum Transfer, 4, 17&amp;ndash;35, 1998. </reference>
		<reference numeration="56" content_type="text"> Warneke, C., van~der Veen, C., Luxembourg, S., de~Gouw, J A., and Kok, A.: Measurements of benzene and toluene in ambient air using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry: calibration, humidity dependence, and field intercomparison, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 207, 167&amp;ndash;182, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="57" content_type="text"> Warneke, C., Luxembourg, S L., de~Gouw, J A., Rinne, H. J I., Guenther, A B., and Fall, R.: Disjunct eddy covariance measurements of oxygenated volatile organic compounds fluxes from an alfalfa field before and after cutting, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D8), 4067, \doi10.1029/2001JD000594, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="58" content_type="text"> Warneke, C., de~Gouw, J A., Kuster, W C., Goldan, P D., and Fall, R.: Validation of atmospheric VOC measurements by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry using a gas-chromatographic preseparation method, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 2494&amp;ndash;2501, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="59" content_type="text"> Warneke, C., de~Gouw, J A., Stohl, A., Cooper, O R., Goldan, P D., Kuster, W C., Holloway, J S., Williams, E J., Lerner, B M., McKeen, S A., Trainer, M., Fehsenfeld, F C., Atlas, E L., Donnelly, S G., Stroud, V., Lueb, A., and Kato, S.: Biomass burning and anthropogenic sources of CO over New England in the summer 2004, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D23S15, \doi10.1029/2005JD006878, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="60" content_type="text"> Wisthaler, A., Jensen, N R., Winterhalter, R., Lindinger, W., and Hjorth, J.: Measurements of acetone and other gas phase product yields from the OH-initiated oxidation of terpenes by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), Atmos. Environ., 35, 6181&amp;ndash;6191, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="61" content_type="text"> Wisthaler, A., Hansel, A., Dickerson, R R., and Crutzen, P J.: Organic trace gas measurements by PTR-MS during INDOEX 1999, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D19), 8024, \doi10.1029/2001JD000576, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="62" content_type="text"> Zhao, J. and Zhang, R.: Proton transfer reaction rate constants between hydronium ion (H&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;O$^+$) and volatile organic compounds, Atmos. Environ., 38, 2177&amp;ndash;2185, 2004. </reference>
	</references>
</article>

