<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/inc/acpd/copernicus.dtd">
<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net</journal_url>
		<issn>1680-7367</issn>
		<eissn>1680-7375</eissn>
		<volume_number>8</volume_number>
		<issue_number>2</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2008</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/acpd-8-7263-2008</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/7263/2008/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/7263/2008/acpd-8-7263-2008.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/7263/2008/acpd-8-7263-2008.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>7263</start_page>
	<end_page>7288</end_page>
	<publication_date>2008-04-15</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">Mode resolved density of atmospheric aerosol particles</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1">
			<name>J. Kannosto</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="2" affiliations="1">
			<name>M. Lemmetty</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="3" affiliations="1">
			<name>A. Virtanen</name>
			<email>annele.virtanen@tut.fi</email>
		</author>
		<author numeration="4" affiliations="1">
			<name>J. M. Mäkelä</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="5" affiliations="1">
			<name>J. Keskinen</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="6" affiliations="2">
			<name>H. Junninen</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="7" affiliations="2">
			<name>T. Hussein</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="8" affiliations="2">
			<name>P. Aalto</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="9" affiliations="2">
			<name>M. Kulmala</name>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">Tampere University of Technology, Department of Physics, Aerosol Physics Laboratory, P.O.Box 692, FIN-33101 Tampere, Finland</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="2" content_type="html">Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 64, FI-00014 Uhel, Finland</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">In this study, we investigate the mode resolved density of ultrafine
atmospheric particles measured in boreal forest environment. The method used
here enables us to find the distinct density information for each mode in
atmospheric fine particle population: the density values for nucleation,
Aitken, and accumulation mode particles are presented. The experimental data
was gained during 2 May 2005&amp;ndash;19 May 2005 at the boreal forest measurement
station &quot;SMEAR II&quot; in Hyytiälä, southern Finland. The density
values for accumulation mode varied from 1.1 to 2 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (average 1.5 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;) and for Aitken mode from 0.4 to 2 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; (average
0.97 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. As an overall trend during the two weeks campaign, the density
value of Aitken mode was seen to gradually increase. With the present
method, the time dependent behaviour of the particle density can be
investigated in time scale of 10 min. This allows us the follow the
density evolution of the nucleation mode particles during the particle
growth process following the nucleation burst. The density of nucleation
mode particles decreased during the growth process. The density values for
15 nm particles were 1.2&amp;ndash;1.5 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; and for grown 30 nm particles
0.5&amp;ndash;1 g/cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;. These values are consistent with the present knowledge that
the condensing species are semi volatile organics, emitted from the Boreal
forest.</abstract>
	<references>
		<reference numeration="1" content_type="text">Allan, J. D., Alfarra, M. R., Brower, K. N., Coe, H., Jayne, J. T., Worsnop, D. R., Aalto, P. P., Kulmala, M., Hyötyläinen, T., Cavalli, F., and Laaksonen, A.: Size and composition measurements of background aerosol and new particle growth in a Finnish forest during QUEST 2 using an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 315&amp;ndash;327., 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="2" content_type="text">Allen, J. O., Durant, J. L., Dookeran, N. M., Taghizadeh, K., Plummer, E. F., Lafleur, A. L., Sarofim, A. F., and Smith. K. A.: Measurement of C$_24$H$_14$ Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Associated with a Size-Segregated Urban Aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32(13), 1928&amp;ndash;1932, 1998. </reference>
		<reference numeration="3" content_type="text">Cass, G. R., Hughes, L. A., Bhave, P., Kleeman, M. J., Allen, J. O., and Salmon, L. G.: The Chemical Composition of Ultrafine Particles, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 358, 2581&amp;ndash;2592, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="4" content_type="text">Cozic, J., Verheggen, B., Weingartner, E., Crosier, J., Bower, K., Flynn, M., Coe, H., Henning, S., Steinbacher, M., Collaud Coen, M., Petzold, A., and Baltensperger, U.: Chemical composition of free tropospheric aerosol for PM1 and coarse mode at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 7, 12 145&amp;ndash;12 184, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="5" content_type="text">Dal Maso, M., Kulmala, M., Riipinen, I., Wagner, R., Hussein, T., Aalto, P. P., and Lehtinen, K. E. J.: Formation and growth of fresh atmospheric aerosols: eight years of aerosol size distribution data from SMEAR II, Hyytiala, Finland, Boreal Environ. Res., 10, 323&amp;ndash;336, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="6" content_type="text">Hari, P. and Kulmala, M.: Station for Measuring Ecosystems - Atmosphere Relations (SMEAR II). Boreal Environ. Res., 10, 315&amp;ndash;322, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="7" content_type="text">Hussein, T., Puustinen, A., Aalto, P. P., Mäkelä, J. M., Hämeri, K., and Kulmala, M.: Urban aerosol number size distributions, Atoms. Chem. Phys., 4, 391&amp;ndash;411, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="8" content_type="text">Hussein, T., Dal Maso, M., Petaja, T., Koponen, I. K., Paatero, P., Aalto, P. P., Hämeri, K., and Kulmala, M.: Evaluation of an automatic algorithm for fitting the particle number size distributions, Boreal Environ. Res., 10, 337&amp;ndash;355, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="9" content_type="text">Kannosto, J., Ristimäki, J., Virtanen, A., Keskinen, J., Aalto, P., and Kulmala, M.: Density analysis of boreal forest aerosols, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 10, 95&amp;ndash;99, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="10" content_type="text">Koponen, I., Virkkula, A., Hillamo, R., Kerminen, V.-M., and Kulmala, M.: Number size distributions and concentrations of the continental summer aerosols in Queen Maud Land, Antartica. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D18), 45872002, doi:10.1029/2003JD003614, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="11" content_type="text">Kulmala, M., Hämeri, K., Aalto, P. P., Mäkelä, J. M., Pirjola, L., Nilsson, E. D., Buzorius, G., Rannik, U., Dal Maso, M., Seidl, W., Hoffman, T., Janson, R., Hansson, H. C., Viisanen, Y., Laaksonen, A., and O&apos;Dowd, C. D.: Overview of the international project on biogenic aerosol formation in the boreal forest (BIOFOR), Tellus, 53B, 324&amp;ndash;343, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="12" content_type="text">Kulmala, M., Vehkamäki, H., Petäjä, T., Dal Maso, M., Lauri, A., Kerminen, V.-M., Birmili, W., and McMurry, P. H.: Formation and growth rates of ultrafine atmospheric particles: A review of observations, J. Aerosol Sci. 35, 143&amp;ndash;176, 2004a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="13" content_type="text">Kulmala, M., Laakso, L., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Riipinen, I., Dal Maso, M., Anttila, T., Kerminen, V.-M., Hõrrak, U., Vana, M., and Tammet, H.: Initial steps of aerosol growth, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2553&amp;ndash;2560, 2004b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="14" content_type="text">Kulmala, M., Lehtinen, K. E. J., and Laaksonen, A.: Cluster activation theory as an explanation of the linear dependence between formation rate of 3 nm particles and sulphuric acid concentration, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 787&amp;ndash;793, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="15" content_type="text">Laaksonen, A., Kulmala, M., O&apos;Dowd, C. D. , Joutsensaari, J., Vaattovaara, P., Mikkonen, S., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Sogacheva, L., Dal Maso, M., Aalto, P., Petäjä, T., Sogachev, A., JunYoon, Y., Lihavainen, H., Nilsson, D., Facchini, M. C., Cavalli, F., Fuzzi, S., Hoffmann, T., Arnold, F., Hanke, M., Sellegri, K., Umann, B., Junkermann, W., Coe, H., Allan, J. D., Rami Alfarra, M.,: Worsnop, D. R, Riekkola, M.-L., Hyötyläinen T., and Viisanen Y.: The role of VOC oxidation products in continental new particle formation, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 7, 7819&amp;ndash;7841, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="16" content_type="text">Lohman, U. and Feichter, J.: Global indirect aerosol effects: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 715&amp;ndash;737, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="17" content_type="text">Maenhaut, W., Jaffrezo, J.-L., Hillamo, R. E., Mäkelä, T., and Kerminen, V.-M.: Size-fractionated aerosol composition during an intensive 1997 summer field campaign in northern Finland, Nucl. Instrum. Methods, B150, 345&amp;ndash;349, 1999. </reference>
		<reference numeration="18" content_type="text">Marjamäki, M., Lemmetty, M., and Keskinen, J.: ELPI response and data reduction &amp;ndash; I: Response functions, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 39, 575&amp;ndash;582, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="19" content_type="text">McMurry, P., Wang, X., Park, K., and Ehara, K.: The relationship between mass and mobility for atmospheric particles: A new technique for measuring particle density, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 36, 227&amp;ndash;238, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="20" content_type="text">Mäkelä, M., Aalto, P., Jokinen, V., Pohja, T., Nissinen, A., Palmroth, S., Markkanen, T., Seitsonen, K., Lihavainen, H., and Kulmala, M.: Observations of ultrafine aerosol particle formation and growth in boreal forest, Geophys. Res. Let., 24, 1219&amp;ndash;1222, 1997. </reference>
		<reference numeration="21" content_type="text">Mäkelä, J. M., Hoffmann, T., Holzke, C., Väkevä, M., Suni, T., Mattila, T., Aalto, P. P., Tapper, U., Kauppinen, E. I., and O&apos;Dowd, C. D.: Biogenic iodine emissions and identification of end products in coastal ultrafine particles during nucleation bursts, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8110, doi:10.1029/2001JD000580, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="22" content_type="text">Mäkelä, J., Koponen, I., Aalto, P., and Kulmala, M.: One-year data of submicron size modes of tropospheric background aerosol in southern Finland, J. Aerosol Sci., 31, 595&amp;ndash;611, 2001b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="23" content_type="text">Mäkelä, J.M., Yli-Koivisto, S., Hiltunen, V., Seidl, W., Swietlicki, E., Teinilä, K., Sillanpää, M., Koponen, I.K., Paatero, J., Rosman, K., and Hämeri, K.: Chemical composition of aerosol during particle formation events in boreal forest, Tellus, 53B, 380&amp;ndash;393, 2001a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="24" content_type="text">O&apos;Dowd, C. D., Aalto, P., Hämeri, K., Kulmala, M., and Hoffmann, T.: Atmospheric particles from organic Vapours, Nature, 416, 497&amp;ndash;498, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="25" content_type="text">Pope, C. A. and Dockery, D. W.: Health Effects of Fine Particulate Air Pollution: Lines that Connect, J. Air and Waste Manage. Assoc., 56, 709&amp;ndash;742, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="26" content_type="text">Putaud, J.-P., Van Dingenen, R., Dell&apos;Acqua, A., Raes, F., Matta, E., Decesari, S., Facchini, M. C., and Fuzzi, S.: Size-segregated aerosol mass closure and chemical composition in Monte Cimone (I) during MINATROC, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 889&amp;ndash;902, 2004 </reference>
		<reference numeration="27" content_type="text">Ristimäki, J., Virtanen, A., Marjamäki, M., Rostedt, A., and Keskinen J.: On-line measurement of size distribution and effective density of submicron aerosol particles, J. Aerosol Sci., 33, 1541&amp;ndash;1557, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="28" content_type="text">Ristimäki, J.: Sampling and measurement methods for diesel exhaust aerosol, Tampere University of Technology Publications no 638, PhD Thesis, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="29" content_type="text">Saarikoski, S., Mäkelä, T., Hillamo, R., Aalto, P., Kerminen, V.-M., and Kulmala, M.: Physico-chemical characterization and mass closure of size-segregated atmospheric aerosols in Hyytiälä, Finland, Boreal Environ. Res., 10, 385&amp;ndash;400, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="30" content_type="text">Seinfeld, J. H. and Pandis, S. N.: Atmospheric chemistry and physics. From air pollution to climate change, John Wiley &amp; Sons, New York, 1998. </reference>
		<reference numeration="31" content_type="text">Smith, J. N., Moore, K. F., Eisele, F. L., Voisin, D., Ghimire, A. K., Sakurai, H., and McMurry, P. H.: Chemical composition of atmospheric nanoparticles during nucleation events in Atlanta, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D22S03, doi:10.1029/2005JD005912, 2005 </reference>
		<reference numeration="32" content_type="text">Tarvainen V., Hakola H., Hellen H., Back J., Hari P., and Kulmala M.: Temperature and light dependence of the VOC emissions of Scots pine, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,5, 989&amp;ndash;998,2005 </reference>
		<reference numeration="33" content_type="text">Vaattovaara, P., Huttunen, P. E., Yoon, Y. J., Joutsensaari, J., Lehtinen, K. E. J., O&apos;Dowd, C. D., and Laaksonen, A.: The composition of nucleation and Aitken modes particles during coastal nucleation events: evidence for marine secondary organic contribution, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4601&amp;ndash;4616, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="34" content_type="text">Virtanen, A., Ristimäki, J., and Keskinen, J.: New method to define the effective density and fractal dimension of agglomerate particles Aerosol Sci. Tech., 38, 437&amp;ndash;446, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="35" content_type="text">Virtanen, A., Rönkkö, T., Kannosto, J., Ristimäki, J., Mäkelä, J. M., Keskinen, J., Pakkanen, T., Hillamo, R., Pirjola, L., Hämeri, K.: Winter and summer time size distributions and densities of traffic related aerosol particles at a busy highway in Helsinki, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 2411&amp;ndash;2421, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="36" content_type="text">Wall, S. M., John, W., and Ondo, J. L.: Measurement of aerosol size distributions for nitrate and major ionic species, Atmos. Environ., 22, 1649&amp;ndash;1656, 1988. </reference>
		<reference numeration="37" content_type="text">Yu, H., Kaufman, Y. J., Chin, M., Feingold, G., Remer, L. A., Anderson, T. L., Balkanski, Y., Bellouin, N., Boucher, O., Christopher, S., DeCola, P., Kahn, R., Koch, D., Loeb, N., Reddy, M. S., Schulz, M., Takemura, T., and Zhou M.: A review of measurement-based assessment of the aerosol direct radia-tive effect and forcing, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613&amp;ndash;666, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="38" content_type="text">Zhang, O., Canagaratna, M. R., Jayne, J. T., Worsnop, D. R., and Jimenez, J.-L.: Time- and size-resolved chemical composition of submicron particles in Pittsburgh: Implications for aerosol sources and processes, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D07S09, doi:10.1029/2004JD004649, 2005. </reference>
	</references>
</article>

