Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions
www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net
1680-7367
1680-7375
8
2
2008
10.5194/acpd-8-5901-2008
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/5901/2008/
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/5901/2008/acpd-8-5901-2008.html
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/5901/2008/acpd-8-5901-2008.pdf
5901
5917
2008-03-20
Odin/OSIRIS observations of stratospheric NO<sub>3</sub> through sunrise and sunset
C. A. McLinden
Chris.McLinden@ec.gc.ca
C. S. Haley
Environment Canada, Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, York Univ., Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
The nitrate radical (NO<sub>3</sub>) has been detected in visible limb-scattered spectra measured by the Optical Spectrograph
and InfraRed Imager System (OSIRIS) on-board the Odin satellite when observing at large solar zenith angles
(91–97°). Apparent slant column densities of NO<sub>3</sub> at tangent heights between 10 and 45 km are derived via
spectral fitting in the 590–680 nm window. Using observations from multiple scans spanning solar zenith angles of
91–97°, the rapid evolution of NO<sub>3</sub> through sunrise and sunset can be traced. Slant column densities
are found to be consistent with those simulated using a radiative transfer model with coupled photochemistry.
In addition, a strong dependence of NO<sub>3</sub> with temperature is observed.
These results indicate that OSIRIS possesses signal-to-noise sufficient to make useful measurements of scattered sunlight
out to solar zenith angles
of 96–97° and suggests the possibility of retrieving profile information for NO<sub>3</sub> and other species at large
solar zenith angles.
Aliwell, S. R. and Jones, R. L.: Measurement of atmospheric NO<sub>3</sub> 1. Improved removal of water vapour absorption features in the analysis for NO<sub>3</sub>, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23(19), 2585–2588, doi:10.1029/96GL02473, 1996.
Amekudzi, L. K., Sinnhuber, B.-M., Sheode, N. V., Meyer, J., Rozanov, A., Lamsal, L. N., Bovensmann, H., and Burrows, J. P.: Retrieval of stratospheric NO<sub>3</sub> vertical profiles from SCIAMACHY lunar occultation measurement over the Antarctic, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D20304, doi:10.1029/2004JD005748, 2005.
Bogumil, K., Orphal, J., Homann, T., Voigt, S., Spietz, P., Fleischmann, O. C., Vogel, A., Hartmann, M., Kromminga, H., Bovensmann, H., Frerick, J., and Burrows, J. P.: Measurements of molecular absorption spectra with the SCIAMACHY pre-flight model: Instrument characterization and reference data for atmospheric remote-sensing in the 230–2380 nm region, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chem, 157(2–3), 167–184, doi:10.1016/S1010-6030(03)00062-5, 2003.
Haley, C. S., Brohede, S. M., Sioris, C. E., Griffioen, E., Murtagh, D. P., McDade, I. C., Eriksson, P., Llewellyn, E. J., Bazureau, A., and Goutail, F.: Retrieval of stratospheric O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> profiles from Odin/OSIRIS limb-scattered sunlight measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D16303, doi:10.1029/2004JD004588, 2004.
Llewellyn, E. J., Lloyd, N. D., Degenstein, D. A., Gattinger, R. L., Petelina, S. V., Bourassa, A. E., Wiensz, J. T., Ivanov, E. V., McDade, I. C., Solheim, B. H., McConnell, J. C., Haley, C. S., von Savigny, C., Sioris, C. E., McLinden, C. A., Griffioen, E., Kaminski, J., Evans, W. F. J., Puckrin, E., Strong, K., Wehrle, V., Hum, R. H., Kendall, D. J. W., Matsushita, J., Murtagh, D. P., Brohede, S., Stegman, J., Witt, G., Barnes, G., Payne, W. F., Piché, L., Smith, K., Warshaw, G., Deslauniers, D.-L., Marchand, P., Richardson, E. H., King, R. A., Wevers, I., McCreath, W., Kyrölä, E., Oikarinen, L., Leppelmeier, G. W., Auvinen, H., Mégie, G., Hauchecorne, A., Lefèvre, F., de La Nöe, J., Ricaud, P., Frisk, U., Sjoberg, F., von Schéele, F., and Nordh, L.: The OSIRIS instrument on the Odin satellite, Can. J. Phys., 82(6), 411–422, doi:10.1139/P04-005, 2004.
Marchand, M., Bekki, S., Hauchecorne, A., and Bertaux, J. L.: Validation of the self consistency of GOMOS NO<sub>3</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>3</sub> data using chemical data assimilation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L10107, doi:10.1029/2004GL019631, 2004.
Marchand, M., Bekki, S., and Hauchecorne, A.: Temperature retrieval from stratospheric O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>3</sub> GOMOS data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L24809, doi:10.1029/2007GL030280, 2007.
McLinden, C. A., Olsen, S. C., Hannegan, B., Wild, O., Prather, M. J., and Sundet, J.: Stratospheric ozone in 3-D models: A simple chemistry and the cross-tropopause flux, J. Geophys. Res., 105(D11), 14 653–14 665, 2000.
McLinden, C. A., McConnell, J. C., Griffioen, E., and McElroy, C. T.: A vector radiative transfer model for the Odin/OSIRIS project, Can. J. Phys., 80(4), 375–393, doi:10.1139/p01-156, 2002a.
McLinden, C. A., McConnell, J. C., Strong, K., McDade, I. C., Gattinger, R. L., King, R., Solheim, B., Llewellyn, E. J., and Evans, W. F. J.: The impact of the OSIRIS grating efficiency on total radiance and trace-gas retrievals, Can. J. Phys., 80(4), 469–481, doi:10.1139/p01-151, 2002b.
McLinden, C. A., Haley, C. S., and Sioris, C. E.: Diurnal effects in limb scatter observations, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D14302, doi:10.1029/2005JD006628, 2006.
Noxon, J. F., Norton, R. B., and, Henderson, W. R.: Observation of atmospheric NO<sub>3</sub>, Geophys. Res. Lett., 5(8), 675–678, 1978.
Orphal, J., Fellows, C. E., and Flaud, P.-M.: The visible absorption spectrum of NO<sub>3</sub> measured by high-resolution Fourier Transform spectroscopy, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D3), 4077, doi:10.1029/2002JD002489, 2003.
Prather, M.: Catastrophic loss of stratospheric ozone in dense volcanic clouds, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D9), 10 187–10 191, doi:10.1029/92JD00845, 1992.
Renard, J.-B., Taupin, F. G., Rivière, E. D., Pirre, M., Huret, N., Berthet, G., Robert, C., Chartier, M., Pepe, F., and George, M.: Measurements and simulation of stratospheric NO<sub>3</sub> at mid and high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, J. Geophys. Res., 106(D3), 32 387–32 400, doi:10.1029/2001JD000361, 2001.
Renard, J.-B., Chipperfield, M. P., Berthet, G., Goffinont-Taupin, F., Robert, C., Chartier, M., Roscoe, H., Feng, W., Rivière, E., and Pirre, M.: NO<sub>3</sub> vertical profile measurements from remote sensing balloon-borne spectrometers and comparison with model calculations, J. Atmos. Chem., 51, 65–78, doi:10.1007/s10874-005-5983-8, 2005.
Sander, S. P., Friedl, R. R., Ravishankara, A. R., Golden, D. M., Kolb, C. E., Kurylo, M. J., Molina, M. J., Moortgat, G. K., Keller-Rudek, H., Finlayson-Pitts, B. J., Wine, P. H., Huie, R. E., and Orkin, V. L.: JPL 2006: Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in atmospheric studies – Evaluation 15, Jet Propul. Lab., Pasadena, Calif., JPL Publ. 06-2, 2006.
Sioris, C. E., Haley, C. S., McLinden, C. A., von Savigny, C., McDade, I. C., McConnell, J. C., Evans, W. F. J., Lloyd, N. D., Llewellyn, E. J., Chance, K. V., Kurosu, T. P., Murtagh, D. P., Frisk, U., Pfeilsticker, K., Bösch, H., Weidner, F., Strong, K., Stegman, J., and Mégie, G.: Stratospheric profiles of nitrogen dioxide observed by Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System on the Odin satellite, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D7), 4215, doi:10.1029/2002JD002672, 2003.
Uhl, R. and Reddmann, T.: Divergence of sun-rays by atmospheric refraction at large solar zenith angles, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 1399–1405, 2004.
Vandaele, A., Hermans, C., Simon, P. C., Carleer, M., Colin, R., Fally, S., Mérienne, M. F., Jenouvrier, A., and Coquart, B.: Measurements of the NO<sub>2</sub> absorption cross-section from 42,000 cm<sup>−1</sup> to 10,000 cm<sup>−1</sup> (238–1000 nm) at 220 K and 294 K, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Ra., 59(3–5), 171–184, doi:10.1016/S0022-4073(97)00168-4, 1998.
Wagner, T., Otten, C., Pfeilsticker, K., Pundt, I., and Platt, U.: DOAS moonlight observation of atmospheric NO<sub>3</sub> in the Arctic winter, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(21), 3441–3444, doi:10.1029/1999GL011153, 2000.
Weaver, A.: Atmospheric NO<sub>3</sub> 5. Off-axis measurements at sunrise: Estimates of tropospheric NO<sub>3</sub> at 40° N, J. Geophys. Res., 101(D13), 18 605–18 612, doi:10.1029/96JD01537, 1996.