Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions
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10.5194/acpd-8-5477-2008
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http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/5477/2008/acpd-8-5477-2008.pdf
5477
5536
2008-03-18
Three years of greenhouse gas column-averaged dry air mole fractions retrieved from satellite – Part 1: Carbon dioxide
O. Schneising
M. Buchwitz
michael.buchwitz@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de
J. P. Burrows
H. Bovensmann
M. Reuter
J. Notholt
R. Macatangay
T. Warneke
Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen FB1, Bremen, Germany
Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) are the two most
important anthropogenic greenhouse gases. SCIAMACHY on
ENVISAT is the first satellite instrument whose
measurements are sensitive to concentration changes of the
two gases at all altitude levels down to the Earth's surface
where the source/sink signals are largest.
We have processed three years
(2003–2005) of SCIAMACHY near-infrared nadir measurements to
simultaneously retrieve vertical columns of CO<sub>2</sub>
(from the 1.58 μm absorption band),
CH<sub>4</sub> (1.66 μm) and oxygen (O<sub>2</sub> A-band at 0.76 μm) using the scientific
retrieval algorithm WFM-DOAS.
We show that the latest version
of WFM-DOAS, version 1.0, which is used for this study, has
been significantly improved with respect to its accuracy
compared to the previous versions while essentially maintaining
its high processing speed
(~1 minute per orbit, corresponding to ~6000 single measurements,
and per gas on a standard PC).
The greenhouse gas columns
are converted to dry air column-averaged mole fractions, denoted XCO<sub>2</sub> (in ppm)
and XCH<sub>4</sub> (in ppb), by dividing the greenhouse gas columns by
simultaneously retrieved dry air columns.
For XCO<sub>2</sub> dry air columns are obtained
from the retrieved O<sub>2</sub> columns.
For XCH<sub>4</sub> dry air columns are obtained
from the retrieved CO<sub>2</sub> columns because of better cancellation
of light path related errors compared to using O<sub>2</sub> columns retrieved from the
spectrally distant O<sub>2</sub> A-band.
Here we focus
on a discussion of the XCO<sub>2</sub> data set. The XCH<sub>4</sub> data set is
discussed in a separate paper (Part 2).
In order to assess the quality of the retrieved XCO<sub>2</sub> we present
comparisons with Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (FTS) XCO<sub>2</sub> measurements
at two northern hemispheric mid-latitude ground stations. To assess
the quality globally, we present detailed comparisons with global
XCO<sub>2</sub> fields obtained from NOAA's CO<sub>2</sub> assimilation system CarbonTracker.
For the Northern Hemisphere we find good agreement
with the reference data for the CO<sub>2</sub> seasonal cycle and the
CO<sub>2</sub> annual increase. For the Southern Hemisphere,
where significantly less data are available for averaging
compared to the Northern Hemisphere,
the CO<sub>2</sub> annual increase is also in good
agreement with CarbonTracker but the amplitude and phase
of the seasonal cycle show systematic differences up to a few ppm
arising partially from the O<sub>2</sub> normalization.
The retrieved XCO<sub>2</sub> regional pattern at monthly
resolution over various regions
show clear corrrelations with CarbonTracker but
also significant differences.
Typically the retrieved variability is about 4 ppm (1% of 380 ppm)
higher but depending on time and location differences can
reach or even exceed 8 ppm.
Based on the error analysis and on the comparison with the reference
data we conclude that the XCO<sub>2</sub> data set can be characterized
by a single measurement retrieval precision (random error) of
1–2%, a systematic low bias of about 1.5%, and by a relative accuracy
of about 1–2% for monthly averages at a spatial resolution of
about 7°×7°.
When averaging the SCIAMACHY XCO<sub>2</sub> over all three years
we find reasonable correlation with EDGAR anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions
for Germany, The Netherlands and Belgium indicating that regionally
elevated CO<sub>2</sub> arising from regional anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub>
emissions can be detected from space.
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