Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions
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http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/3807/2008/acpd-8-3807-2008.pdf
3807
3841
2008-02-25
The role of sea-salt emissions and heterogeneous chemistry in the air quality of polluted coastal areas
E. Athanasopoulou
M. Tombrou
S. N. Pandis
A. G. Russell
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Faculty of Physics, Dep. of Environmental Physics and Meteorology, Athens, Greece
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, 26500 Patra, Greece
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332-0512, USA
Open-ocean and surf-zone sea-salt aerosol (SSA) emissions algorithms are
incorporated in the CAMx aerosol model and applied over an area with an
extended Archipelago (Greece), with a fine grid nested over the highly
populated Attica peninsula. The maximum indirect impact of SSA on PM<sub>10</sub>
mass (35%) is located over a marine area with moderate SSA production and
elevated shipping emissions (central Aegean Sea) where SSA interacts with
anthropogenic nitric acid forming sodium nitrate. SSA increases PM<sub>10</sub>
levels in the Athens city center up to 27% during stable onshore winds.
Under such conditions both open-ocean and surf-zone mechanisms contribute to
aerosol production over Attica. A hybrid scheme for gas-to-particle mass
transfer is necessary for accurately simulating semi-volatile aerosol
components when coarse SSA is included. Dynamically simulating mass transfer
to the coarse particles leads to a quadrupling of predicted PM<sub>10</sub>
nitrate in the Athens city center and up to two orders of magnitude in its
coarse mass in comparison to using a bulk equilibrium approach.
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