Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net 1680-7367 1680-7375 8 6 2008 10.5194/acpd-8-21201-2008 http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/21201/2008/ http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/21201/2008/acpd-8-21201-2008.html http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/21201/2008/acpd-8-21201-2008.pdf 21201 21228 2008-12-18 Energetic particle precipitation in ECHAM5/MESSy1 – Part 1: Downward transport of upper atmospheric NO_x produced by low energy electrons A. J. G. Baumgaertner abaumg@mpch-mainz.mpg.de P. Jöckel C. Brühl Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany The atmospheric chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5/MESSy1 has been extended by processes that parameterize particle precipitation. Several types of particle precipitation that directly affect NO_y and HO_x concentrations in the middle atmosphere are accounted for and discussed in a series of papers. In the companion paper, the ECHAM5/MESSy1 solar proton event parameterization is discussed, while in the current paper we focus on low energy electrons (LEE) that produce NO_x in the upper atmosphere. For the flux of LEE NO_x into the top of the model domain a novel technique which can be applied to most atmospheric chemistry general circulation models has been developed and is presented here. The technique is particularly useful for models with an upper boundary between the stratopause and mesopause and therefore cannot directly incorporate upper atmospheric NO_x production. The additional NO_x source parametrization is based on a measure of geomagnetic activity, the <i>A_p</i> index, which has been shown to be a good proxy for LEE NO_x interannual variations. HALOE measurements of LEE NO_x that has been transported into the stratosphere are used to develop a scaling function which yields a flux of NO_x that is applied to the model top. We describe the implementation of the parameterization as the submodel SPACENOX in ECHAM5/MESSy1 and discuss the results from test simulations. The NO_x enhancements and associated effects on ozone are shown to be in good agreement with independent measurements. <i>A_p</i> index data is available for almost one century, thus the parameterization is suitable for simulations of the recent climate. Baumgaertner, A. J. G., Jöckel, P., Brühl, Ch., Stiller, G., and Funke, B.: Energetic particle precipitation in ECHAM5/MESSy1, Part 2: Solar proton events, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., in preparation, 2008. Brühl, C., Steil, B., Stiller, G., Funke, B., and Jöckel, P.: Nitrogen compounds and ozone in the stratosphere: comparison of MIPAS satellite data with the chemistry climate model ECHAM5/MESSy1, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 5585–5598, 2007. 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