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<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net</journal_url>
		<issn>1680-7367</issn>
		<eissn>1680-7375</eissn>
		<volume_number>8</volume_number>
		<issue_number>4</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2008</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/acpd-8-15291-2008</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/15291/2008/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/15291/2008/acpd-8-15291-2008.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/8/15291/2008/acpd-8-15291-2008.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>15291</start_page>
	<end_page>15341</end_page>
	<publication_date>2008-08-12</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">Cloud and aerosol effects on radiation in deep convective clouds: comparison with warm stratiform clouds</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1,2">
			<name>S. S. Lee</name>
			<email>seoungl@umich.edu</email>
		</author>
		<author numeration="2" affiliations="1">
			<name>L. J. Donner</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="3" affiliations="1,3">
			<name>V. T. J. Phillips</name>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="2" content_type="html">now at: Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="3" content_type="html">now at: Department of Meteorology, University of Hawaii, Manoa, HI, USA</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">Cloud and aerosol effects on radiation in two contrasting cloud types, a
deep convective mesoscale cloud ensemble (MCE) and warm stratocumulus
clouds, are simulated and compared. At the top of the atmosphere, 45–81% of shortwave cloud forcing (SCF) is offset by longwave cloud forcing
(LCF) in the MCE, whereas warm stratiform clouds show the offset of less
than ~20%. 28% of increased negative SCF is offset by
increased LCF with increasing aerosols in the MCE at the top of the
atmosphere. However, the stratiform clouds show the offset of just around
2–5%. Ice clouds as well as liquid clouds play an important role in the
larger offset in the MCE. Hence, this study indicates effects of deep
convective clouds on radiation and responses of deep convective clouds to
aerosols are quite different from those of shallow clouds through the
different modulation of longwave radiation; the presence of ice clouds in
deep convective clouds contributes to the different modulation of longwave
radiation significantly. Different cloud types, characterized by cloud depth
and cloud-top height, play critical roles in those different modulations of
LCF between the MCE and stratocumulus clouds. Lower cloud-top height and
cloud depth lead to smaller offset of SCF by LCF and offset of increased
negative SCF by increased LCF at high aerosol in stratocumulus clouds than
in the MCE. Supplementary simulations show this dependence of modulation of
LCF on cloud depth and cloud-top height is not limited to those two
contrasting cloud types. The dependence is also simulated among different
types of convective clouds, indicating the assessment of effects of varying
cloud types on radiation due to climate changes can be critical to better
prediction of climate.</abstract>
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