Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions
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10.5194/acpd-7-3719-2007
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/7/3719/2007/
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/7/3719/2007/acpd-7-3719-2007.html
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/7/3719/2007/acpd-7-3719-2007.pdf
3719
3761
2007-03-12
Cloud microphysics and aerosol indirect effects in the global climate model ECHAM5-HAM
U. Lohmann
ulrike.lohmann@env.ethz.ch
P. Stier
C. Hoose
S. Ferrachat
E. Roeckner
J. Zhang
Institute of Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
Meteorological Service of Canada, Toronto, Canada
The double-moment cloud microphysics scheme from
ECHAM4 has been coupled to the size-resolved aerosol scheme
ECHAM5-HAM. ECHAM5-HAM predicts the aerosol mass and number
concentrations and the aerosol mixing state. This results in a much
better agreement with observed vertical profiles of the black carbon
and aerosol mass mixing ratios than with the previous version ECHAM4,
where only the different aerosol mass mixing ratios were
predicted. Also, the simulated liquid, ice and total water content
and the cloud droplet and ice crystal number concentrations as a
function of temperature in stratiform mixed-phase clouds between 0 and
–35°C agree much better with aircraft observations in the ECHAM5
simulations. ECHAM5 performs better because more realistic aerosol
concentrations are available for cloud droplet nucleation and because
the Bergeron-Findeisen process is parameterized as being more
efficient.
<br><br>
The total anthropogenic aerosol effect includes the direct,
semi-direct and indirect effects and is defined as the difference in
the top-of-the-atmosphere net radiation between present-day and
pre-industrial times. It amounts to –1.8 W m<sup>−2</sup> in ECHAM5, when a
relative humidity dependent cloud cover scheme and present-day aerosol
emissions representative for the year 2000 are used. It is larger when
either a statistical cloud cover scheme or a different aerosol
emission inventory are employed.
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