Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions
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2007
10.5194/acpd-7-2197-2007
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/7/2197/2007/
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/7/2197/2007/acpd-7-2197-2007.html
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/7/2197/2007/acpd-7-2197-2007.pdf
2197
2248
2007-02-15
Model study of the cross-tropopause transport of biomass burning pollution
B. N. Duncan
bryan.n.duncan.1@gsfc.nasa.gov
S. E. Strahan
Y. Yoshida
Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
The Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
We present a modeling study of the troposphere-to-stratosphere transport
(TST) of pollution from major biomass burning regions to the tropical
tropopause layer (TTL) and lower stratosphere (LS). We show that biomass
burning pollution regularly and significantly impacts the composition of the
TTL/LS. TST occurs through 1) slow ascent in the TTL and 2) quasi-horizontal
exchange in the regions of the subtropical jets; we find both pathways to be
important. The seasonal oscillation in CO in the TTL/LS (i.e., the CO "tape
recorder") is caused largely by seasonal changes in biomass burning.
Another contributing factor is the long-range transport of northern
hemispheric pollution (e.g., biofuels and fossil fuels) to the northern
tropics in boreal winter. Other tropical sources of CO (e.g., methane
oxidation) have insignificant seasonal variation, contributing little to the
tape recorder. Interannual variation of CO in the TTL/LS is caused by
year-to-year variations in biomass burning and the strength, frequency, and
locations of deep convection, which lofts pollution to the upper
troposphere. During our study period, 1994–1998, we find that the highest
concentrations of CO in the TTL/LS occur during the strong 1997/98 El
Niño event for two reasons: i.~tropical deep convection was stronger and
ii.~emissions were higher. This extreme event can be seen as an upper bound
on the impact of biomass burning pollution on the TTL/LS. We estimate that
the 1997 Indonesian wildfires increased CO in the entire TTL and tropical LS
(<60 mb) by more than 40% and 10%, respectively, for several months.
Zonal mean ozone increased and the hydroxyl radical decreased by as much as
20%, increasing the lifetimes and, subsequently TST, of trace gases. Our
results indicate that the impact of biomass burning pollution on the TTL/LS
is likely greatest during an El Niño event due to favorable dynamics and
historically higher burning rates.
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