<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/inc/acpd/copernicus.dtd">
<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net</journal_url>
		<issn>1680-7367</issn>
		<eissn>1680-7375</eissn>
		<volume_number>7</volume_number>
		<issue_number>6</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2007</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/acpd-7-17401-2007</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/7/17401/2007/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/7/17401/2007/acpd-7-17401-2007.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/7/17401/2007/acpd-7-17401-2007.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>17401</start_page>
	<end_page>17427</end_page>
	<publication_date>2007-11-28</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">Comparison of UV-RSS spectral measurements and TUV model runs for clear skies for the May 2003 ARM aerosol intensive observation period</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1">
			<name>J. J. Michalsky</name>
			<email>joseph.michalsky@noaa.gov</email>
		</author>
		<author numeration="2" affiliations="2">
			<name>P. W. Kiedron</name>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado, 80305, USA</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="2" content_type="html">Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado, 80305, USA</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">The first successful deployment of the fully-operational ultraviolet
rotating shadow-band spectroradiometer occurred during the May 2003 U.S. Department of Energy&apos;s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program&apos;s Aerosol
Intensive Observation Period. The aerosol properties in the visible range
were characterized using redundant measurements with several instruments to
determine the column aerosol optical depth, the single scattering albedo,
and the asymmetry parameter needed as input for radiative transfer
calculations of the downwelling direct normal and diffuse horizontal solar
irradiance in clear-sky conditions. The Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible
(TUV) radiative transfer model developed by Madronich and his colleagues at
the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research was used for the
calculations of the spectral irradiance between 300&amp;ndash;360 nm. Since there are
few ultraviolet measurements of aerosol properties, most of the input
aerosol data for the radiative transfer model are based on the assumption
that UV input parameters can be extrapolated from the visible portion of the
spectrum. Disagreements between available extraterrestrial spectra, which
are discussed briefly, suggested that instead of comparing irradiances that
measured and modeled spectral transmittances between 300&amp;ndash;360 nm should be
compared for the seven cases studied. These cases included low to moderate
aerosol loads and low to high solar-zenith angles. A procedure for
retrieving single scattering albedo in the ultraviolet based on the
comparisons of direct and diffuse transmittance is outlined.</abstract>
	<references>
		<reference numeration="1" content_type="text"> Anderson, G. P., Berk, A., Acharya, P. K., Matthew, M. W., Bernstein, L. S., J. H.,, H. Dothe, Adler-Golden, S. M., Ratkowski, A. J., Felde, G. W., Gardner, J. A., Hoke, M. L., Richtsmeier, S. C., Pukall, B., Mello, J., and Jeong, L. S.: MODTRAN4: Radiative transfer modeling for remote sensing in algorithms for multispectral, hyperspectral, and ultraspectral imagery VI, edited by: Chen, S. and Descour, M. R., Proceedings of SPIE 4049-16, pp. 176&amp;ndash;183, Orlando, Florida, April 24, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="2" content_type="text"> Bernhard, G., Booth, C. R., and Ehramjian, J. C.: Version 2 data of the National Science Foundation&apos;s Ultraviolet Radiation Monitoring Network: South Pole, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 109, D21207, doi:10.1029/2004JD004937, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="3" content_type="text"> d&apos;Almeida, G. A., Koepke, P., and Shettle, E. P.: Atmospheric Aerosols: Global Climatology and Radiative Characteristics. A. Deepak Publishing, Hampton, Virginia, USA, 1991. </reference>
		<reference numeration="4" content_type="text"> Clough, S. A., Iacono, M. J., and Moncet, J.-L.: Line-by-line calculation of atmospheric fluxes and cooling rates: Application to water vapor, J. Geophys. Res., 97, 15 761&amp;ndash;15 785, 1992. </reference>
		<reference numeration="5" content_type="text"> Dubovik, O., Smirnov, A., Holben, B. N., King, M. D., Kaufman, Y. J., Eck, T. F., and Slutsker, I.: Accuracy assessments of aerosol optical properties retrieved from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) Sun and sky radiance measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105(D8), 9791&amp;ndash;9806, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="6" content_type="text"> Feister, U. and Grewe, R.: Spectral albedo measurements in the UV and visible region over different types of surfaces, Photochem. Photobiol., 62(4), 736&amp;ndash;744, 1995. </reference>
		<reference numeration="7" content_type="text"> Gröbner, J. and Kerr, J. B.: Ground-based determination of the spectral ultraviolet extraterrestrial solar irradiance: Providing a link between space-based and ground-based solar UV measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106(D7), 7211&amp;ndash;7217, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="8" content_type="text"> Gueymard, C. A.: The sun&apos;s total and spectral irradiance for solar energy applications and solar radiation models, Sol. Energy, 76, 423&amp;ndash;453, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="9" content_type="text"> Halthore, R. N. and Schwartz, S. E.: Comparison of model-estimated and measured diffuse downward irradiance at surface in cloud-free skies, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 105, 20 165&amp;ndash;20 177, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="10" content_type="text"> Halthore, R. N., Miller, M. A., Ogren, J. A., Sheridan, P. J., Slater, D. W., and Stoffel, T.: Further developments in closure experiments for diffuse irradiance under cloud-free skies at a continental site, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L07111, doi:10.1029/2003GL019102, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="11" content_type="text"> Harder, J., Lawrence, G., Fontenla, J., Rottman, G., and Woods, T.: The spectral irradiance monitor: Scientific requirements, instrument design, and operation modes, Sol. Phys., 203, 141&amp;ndash;167, 2005a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="12" content_type="text"> Harder, J., Fontenla, J., Lawrence, G., Woods, T., and Rottman, G.: The spectral irradiance monitor: Measurement equations and calibration, Sol. Phys., 203, 169&amp;ndash;203, 2005b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="13" content_type="text"> Harder, J., Fontenla, J., White, O., Rottman, G., and Woods, T.: Solar spectral irradiance variability comparisons of the SORCE SIM instruments with monitors of solar activity and spectral synthesis, Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiena, 76, 735&amp;ndash;742, 2005c. </reference>
		<reference numeration="14" content_type="text"> Kazantzidis, A., Balis, D. S., Bais, A. F., Kazadzis, S., Galani, E., and Kosmidis, E.: Comparison of Model Calculations with Spectral UV Measurements during the SUSPEN Campaign: The Effect of Aerosols, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1529&amp;ndash;1539, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="15" content_type="text"> Kassianov, E. I., Flynn, C. J., Ackerman, T. P., and Barnard, J. C.: Aerosol single-scattering albedo and asymmetry parameter from MFRSR observations during the ARM Aerosol IOP 2003, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 3341&amp;ndash;3351, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="16" content_type="text"> Kiedron, P. W., Michalsky, J. J., Berndt, J. L., and Harrison, L. C.: Comparison of spectral irradiance standards used to calibrate shortwave radiometers and spectroradiometers, Appl. Optics, 38, 2432&amp;ndash;2439, 1999. </reference>
		<reference numeration="17" content_type="text"> Kiedron, P. W., Harrison, L. H., Berndt, J. L., Michalsky, J. J., and Beaubien, A. F.: Specifications and performance of UV rotating shadowband spectroradiometer (UV-RSS), Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 4482, San Diego, California, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="18" content_type="text"> Kiedron, P., Schlemmer, J., Slusser, J., and Disterhoft, P.: Validation of ozone and aerosol retrieval methods with UV Rotating Shadowband Spectroradiometer (RSS), Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 6362, Stockholm, Sweden, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="19" content_type="text"> Kouremeti, N., Bais, A., Kazandzis, S., Blumthaler, M., and Schmitt, R.: A CCD spectrometer for direct solar irradiance and sky radiance measurements, in: Proceedings of the UV Conference &quot;One Century of UV Radiation Research,&quot; edited by: Gröbner, J., 18&amp;ndash;20 September 2007, Davos, Switzerland. </reference>
		<reference numeration="20" content_type="text"> Kurucz, R. L., Furenlid, I., Brault, J., and Testerman, L.: Solar flux atlas from 296 to 1300 nm, National Solar Observatory Atlas No. 1, Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass., available at ftp://ftp.noao.edu/fts/fluxatl/, 1984. </reference>
		<reference numeration="21" content_type="text"> Kurucz, T. L.: Synthetic infrared spectra, Infrared Solar Physics, IAU Symp. 154, edited by: Rabin, D. M. and Jefferies, J. T., Kluwer, Acad., Norwell Massachusetts, 1992. </reference>
		<reference numeration="22" content_type="text"> Madronich, S.: The atmosphere and UV-B radiation at ground level. Environmental UV Photobiology, Plenum Press, 1&amp;ndash;39, 1993. </reference>
		<reference numeration="23" content_type="text"> Mayer, B., Seckmeyer, G., and Kylling, A.: Systematic long-term comparison of spectral UV measurements and UVSPEC modeling results, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102(D7), 8755&amp;ndash;8768, doi:10.1029/97JD00240, 1997. </reference>
		<reference numeration="24" content_type="text"> Mayer, B. and Kylling, A.: Technical note: The libRadtran software package for radiative transfer calculations &amp;ndash; description and examples of use, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1855&amp;ndash;1877, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="25" content_type="text"> McKenzie, R. L., Kotkamp, M., and Ireland, W.: Upwelling UV spectral irradiances and surface albedo measurements at Lauder, New Zealand, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 14, 1761&amp;ndash;1764, 1996. </reference>
		<reference numeration="26" content_type="text"> Michalsky, J. J., Anderson, G. P., Barnard, J., Delamere, J., Gueymard, C., Kato, S., Kiedron, P., McComiskey, A., and Ricchiazzi, P.: Shortwave radiative closure studies for clear skies during the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement 2003 Aerosol Intensive Observation Period, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 111, D14S90, doi:10.1029/2005JD006341, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="27" content_type="text"> Petters, J. L., Saxena, V. K., Slusser, J. R., Wenny, B. N., and Madronich, S.: Aerosol single scattering albedo retrieved from measurements of surface UV irradiance and a radiative transfer model, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 108(D9), 4288, doi:10.1029/2002JD002360, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="28" content_type="text"> Rottman, G., Harder, J., Fontenla, J., Woods, T., White, O., and Lawrence, G.: The Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM): Early Observations, Sol. Phys., 203, 205&amp;ndash;224, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="29" content_type="text"> Thuillier, G., Woods, T. N., Floyd, L., Hilsenrath, E., Cebula, R., Herse, M., and Labs, D.: Sun reference spectra from solar cycle 22 measurements, in: Solar Variability and its Effects on Climate, edited by: Pap, J. M., Fox, P., Frohlich, C., et al., Geophysical Monograph, 141, American Geophysical Union, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="30" content_type="text"> vanHoosier, M. E.: Solar ultraviolet spectral irradiance data with increased wavelength and irradiance accuracy, in: Ultraviolet Atmospheric and Space Remote Sensing: Methods and Instrumentation, edited by: Huffman, R. E. and Stergis, C. G., Proc., SPIE Int. Soc. Opt. Eng., 2831, 57&amp;ndash;64, 1996. </reference>
		<reference numeration="31" content_type="text"> Weihs, P. and Webb, A. R.: Accuracy of spectral UV model calculations 2. Comparison of UV calculations with measurements, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 102(D1), 1551&amp;ndash;1560, 1997. </reference>
		<reference numeration="32" content_type="text"> Wenny, B. N., Saxena, V. K., and Frederick, J. E.: Aerosol optical depth measurements and their impact on surface levels of ultraviolet-B radiation, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 106(D15), 17 311&amp;ndash;17 320, 2001. </reference>
	</references>
</article>

