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<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net</journal_url>
		<issn>1680-7367</issn>
		<eissn>1680-7375</eissn>
		<volume_number>7</volume_number>
		<issue_number>6</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2007</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/acpd-7-15723-2007</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/7/15723/2007/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/7/15723/2007/acpd-7-15723-2007.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/7/15723/2007/acpd-7-15723-2007.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>15723</start_page>
	<end_page>15737</end_page>
	<publication_date>2007-11-09</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">Long-term observation of mass-independent oxygen isotope anomaly in stratospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1,4">
			<name>S. Kawagucci</name>
			<email>kawagucci@ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp</email>
		</author>
		<author numeration="2" affiliations="1">
			<name>U. Tsunogai</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="3" affiliations="1">
			<name>S. Kudo</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="4" affiliations="1">
			<name>F. Nakagawa</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="5" affiliations="2">
			<name>H. Honda</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="6" affiliations="3">
			<name>S. Aoki</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="7" affiliations="3">
			<name>T. Nakazawa</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="8" affiliations="4">
			<name>M. Tsutsumi</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="9" affiliations="4">
			<name>T. Gamo</name>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="2" content_type="html">Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara, Japan</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="3" content_type="html">Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Studies, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="4" content_type="html">Department of Chemical Oceanography, Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, Japan</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">Anomalous oxygen isotopic compositions of stratospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; were first
reported in 1989, although their detailed behavior in the middle atmosphere
is still open question. We collected 60 stratospheric air samples over
Sanriku, Japan from 1991 to 2004 and Kiruna, Sweden in 1997. Using these
accumulated air samples, we performed long-term observations of triple
oxygen isotope compositions of stratospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. It is the first
simultaneous observation in the stratosphere of both relations between
&amp;Delta;&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;CO2&lt;/sub&gt; and [N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O], and &amp;delta;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;CO2&lt;/sub&gt; and
&amp;delta;&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;CO2&lt;/sub&gt;, accurately. Observations confirmed simultaneous
linear correlations between &amp;delta;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;CO2&lt;/sub&gt;, &amp;Delta;&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;CO2&lt;/sub&gt;, and [N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O] within [N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O]&amp;gt;50 ppbv: the
correlations faded away along with decreasing [N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O] from 50 ppbv. For
dividing observation results by [N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O]=50 ppbv, the divided datasets
show that 1) both &amp;Delta;&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;CO2&lt;/sub&gt; and &amp;delta;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;CO2&lt;/sub&gt;
are conservative parameters within the N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O-rich division, 2) the slope
of least squares regression on &amp;delta;&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O&amp;ndash;&amp;delta;&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;O plot
for the N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O-rich division is significantly steeper than that of the
N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O-depleted one, and 3) the N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O-depleted division shows a
discrepancy with recent model calculations, suggesting unconsidered isotope
fractionation processes on complicated oxygen interactions in the
CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; system in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere.</abstract>
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</article>

