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10.5194/acpd-7-12145-2007
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/7/12145/2007/
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http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/7/12145/2007/acpd-7-12145-2007.pdf
12145
12184
2007-08-17
Chemical composition of free tropospheric aerosol for PM1 and coarse mode at the high alpine site Jungfraujoch
J. Cozic
B. Verheggen
E. Weingartner
ernest.weingartner@psi.ch
J. Crosier
K. Bower
M. Flynn
H. Coe
S. Henning
M. Steinbacher
M. Collaud Coen
A. Petzold
U. Baltensperger
Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, M60 1QD, UK
Leibniz-Institute for Tropospheric Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
Empa, Laboratory for Air Pollution/Environmental Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology, MeteoSwiss, Aerological Station, 1530 Payerne, Switzerland
Institute for Atmospheric Physics, German Aerospace Centre, 82234 Wessling, Germany
now at: Energy research Centre of the Netherlands ECN, P.O. Box 1, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands
The chemical composition of submicron (fine mode) and supermicron (coarse
mode) aerosol particles has been investigated since 1999 within the GAW
aerosol monitoring program at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch
(3580 m a.s.l., Switzerland). Clear seasonality was observed for all major
components in the last 9 years with low concentrations in winter
(predominantly free tropospheric aerosol) and higher concentrations in
summer (enhanced vertical transport of boundary layer pollutants). In
addition, mass closure was attempted during intensive experiments in March
2004, February–March 2005 and August 2005. Ionic, carbonaceous and
refractory components of the aerosol were quantified as well as the PM1 and
coarse mode total aerosol mass concentrations. A relatively low conversion
factor of 1.8 for organic carbon (OC) to particulate organic matter (OM) in
winter (February–March 2005) was found. Organics, sulfate, ammonium, and
nitrate were the major identified components of the fine aerosol fraction,
while calcium and nitrate were the two major measured components in the
coarse mode. The aerosol mass concentrations for fine and coarse mode
aerosol during the intensive campaigns were not typical of the long term
seasonality due largely to dynamical differences. Average fine and coarse
mode concentrations during the intensive field campaigns were 1.7 μg m<sup>−3</sup>
and 2.4 μg m<sup>−3</sup> in winter and 2.5 μg m<sup>−3</sup>
and 2.0 μg m<sup>−3</sup> in summer, respectively. The mass balance of aerosols
showed higher contributions of calcium and nitrate in the coarse mode during
Saharan dust events (SDE) than without SDE.
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