<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/inc/acpd/copernicus.dtd">
<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net</journal_url>
		<issn>1680-7367</issn>
		<eissn>1680-7375</eissn>
		<volume_number>7</volume_number>
		<issue_number>4</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2007</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/acpd-7-11223-2007</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/7/11223/2007/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/7/11223/2007/acpd-7-11223-2007.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/7/11223/2007/acpd-7-11223-2007.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>11223</start_page>
	<end_page>11256</end_page>
	<publication_date>2007-08-02</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">The SOA/VOC/NOx system: an explicit model of secondary organic aerosol formation</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1">
			<name>M. Camredon</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="2" affiliations="1">
			<name>B. Aumont</name>
			<email>aumont@lisa.univ-paris12.fr</email>
		</author>
		<author numeration="3" affiliations="2">
			<name>J. Lee-Taylor</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="4" affiliations="2">
			<name>S. Madronich</name>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques, UMR CNRS 7583,  Universités Paris 7 et Paris 12, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="2" content_type="html">National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Division,  P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, Colorado 80307, USA</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">Our current understanding of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation is
limited by our knowledge of gaseous secondary organics involved in
gas/particle partitioning. The objective of this study is to explore (i) the
potential for products of multiple oxidation steps contributing to SOA, and
(ii) the evolution of the SOA/VOC/NOx system. We developed an explicit model
based on the coupling of detailed gas-phase oxidation schemes with a
thermodynamic condensation module. Such a model allows prediction of SOA mass
and speciation on the basis of first principles. The SOA/VOC/NOx system is
studied for the oxidation of 1-octene under atmospherically relevant
concentrations. In this study, gaseous oxidation of octene is simulated to
lead to SOA formation. Contributors to SOA formation are shown to be formed
via multiple oxidation steps of the parent hydrocarbon. The behaviour of the
SOA/VOC/NOx system simulated using the explicit model agrees with general
tendencies observed during laboratory chamber experiments. This explicit
modelling of SOA formation appears as a useful exploratory tool to (i)
support interpretations of SOA formation observed in laboratory chamber
experiments, (ii) give some insights on SOA formation under atmospherically
relevant conditions and (iii) investigate implications for the
regional/global lifetimes of the SOA.</abstract>
	<references>
		<reference numeration="1" content_type="text">Atkinson, R.: Atmospheric chemistry of VOCs and NOx, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2063&amp;ndash;2101, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="2" content_type="text">Aumont, B., Madronich, S., Bey, I., and Tyndall, G. S.: Contribution of secondary VOC to the composition of aqueous atmospheric particles: a modelling approach, J. Atmos. Chem., 35, 59&amp;ndash;75, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="3" content_type="text">Aumont, B., Szopa, S., and Madronich, S.: Modelling the evolution of organic carbon during its gas-phase tropospheric oxidation: development of an explicit model based on a self generating approach, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2497&amp;ndash;2517, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="4" content_type="text">Bey, I., Jacob, D., Yantosca, R. M., Logan, J. A., Field, B. D., Fiore, A. M., Li, Q., Liu, H., and Mickeley, L. J.: Global modeling of tropospheric chemistry with assimilated meteorology: model description and evaluation, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 23 073&amp;ndash;23 096, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="5" content_type="text">Bonn, B., von Kuhlmann, R., and Lawrence, M. G.: High contribution of biogenic hydroperoxides to secondary organic aerosol formation, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L10108, doi:10.1029/2003GL019172, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="6" content_type="text">Brasseur, G. P., Hauglustaine, D. A., Walters, S., Rasch, P. J., Muller, J.-F., Granier, C., and Tie, X.X.: MOZART: a global chemical transport model for ozone and related chemical tracers, Part 1. Model description, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 28 265&amp;ndash;28 289, 1998. </reference>
		<reference numeration="7" content_type="text">Calvert, J. G., Atkinson, R., Kerr, J. A., Madronich, S., Moortgat, G. K., Wallington, T. J., and Yarwood, G.: The mechanisms of atmospheric oxidation of the alkenes, Oxford University Press, London, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="8" content_type="text">Camredon, M., and Aumont, B.: Assessment of vapor pressure estimation methods for secondary organic aerosol modeling, Atmos. Environ., 40, 2105&amp;ndash;2116, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="9" content_type="text">Carter, W. P. L.: Documentation of the SAPRC-99 chemical mechanism for the VOC reactivity assessment. Final report to the California Air Resources Board under contracts 92-329 and 95-308, Center of Environmental Research and Technology, Riverside, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="10" content_type="text">Chung, S. H., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Global distribution and climate forcing of carbonaceous aerosols, J. Geophys. Res., 107(D19), 4407, doi:10.1029/2001JD001397, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="11" content_type="text">Cocker, D. R., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: State-of-the-art chamber facility for studying atmospheric aerosol chemistry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 2594&amp;ndash;2601, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="12" content_type="text">de Gouw, J. A., Middlebrook, A. M., Warneke, C., Goldan, P. D., Kuster, W. C., Roberts, J. M., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Worsnop, D. R., Canagaratna, M. R., Pszenny, A. A. P., Keene, W. C., Marchewka, M., Bertman, S. B., and Bates, T. S.: Budget of organic carbon in a polluted atmosphere: results from the New England air quality study in 2002, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D16305, doi:10.1029/2004JD005623, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="13" content_type="text">Docherty, K. S., Wilbur Wu, P. J., Yong Bin Lim, P. J., and Ziemann, P. J.: Contributions of organic peroxides to secondary aerosol formed from reactions of monoterpenes with O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 4049&amp;ndash;4059, 2005. %</reference>
		<reference numeration="14" content_type="text">Donahue, N. M., Robinson, A. L., Huff Hartz, K. E., Sage, A. M., and Weitkamp, E. A.: Competitive oxidation in atmospheric aerosols: the case for relative kinetics, J. Geophys. Res., 32, L16805, doi:10.1029/2005GL022893, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="15" content_type="text">Forstner, H. J. L., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Molecular speciation of secondary organic aerosol from photooxidation of the higher alkenes: 1-octene and 1-decene, Atmos. Environ., 31, 1953&amp;ndash;1964, 1997. </reference>
		<reference numeration="16" content_type="text">Gao, S., Ng, N. L., Keywood, M., Varutbangkul, V., Bahreini, R., Nenes, A., He, J., Yoo, K. Y., Beauchamps, J. L., Hodyss, R. P., Flagan, R., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Particle phase acidity and oligomer formation in secondary organic aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 6582&amp;ndash;6589, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="17" content_type="text">Gery, M., Whitten, G. Z., Killus, J., and Dodge, M.: A photochemical kinetics mechanism for urban and regional computer modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 12 925&amp;ndash;12 956, 1989. </reference>
		<reference numeration="18" content_type="text">Griffin, R. J., Cocker, D. R., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Organic aerosol formation from the oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 3555&amp;ndash;3567, 1999. </reference>
		<reference numeration="19" content_type="text">Hatakeyama, S., Izumi, K., Fukuyama, T., Akimoto, H., and Washida, N.: Reactions of OH with α-pinene and β-pinene in air: estimate of global CO production and atmospheric oxidation of terpenes, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 947&amp;ndash;958, 1991. </reference>
		<reference numeration="20" content_type="text">Heald, C. L., Jacob, D. J., Park, R. J., Russell, L. M., Huebert, B. J., Seinfeld, J. H., Liao, H., and Weber, R. J.: A large organic aerosol source in the free troposphere missing from current models, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L18809, doi:10.1029/2005GL023831, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="21" content_type="text">Hoffman, T., Odum, J. R., Bowman, F., Collins, D., Klockow, D., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Formation of organic aerosols from the oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons, J. Atmos. Chem., 26, 189&amp;ndash;222, 1997. </reference>
		<reference numeration="22" content_type="text">Hurley, M. D., Sokolov, O., Wallington, T. J., Takekawa, H., Karasawa, M., Klotz, B., Barnes, I. A. N., and Becker, K. H.: Organic aerosol formation during the atmospheric degradation of toluene, Environ. Sci. Technol., 35, 1358&amp;ndash;1366, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="23" content_type="text">Jacobson, M. C., Hansson, H. C., Noone K. J., and Charlson, R. J.: Organic atmospheric aerosols: review and state of the science, Rev. Geophys., 38, 267&amp;ndash;294, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="24" content_type="text">Jang, M., Czoschke, N. M., Lee, S., and Kamens, R. M.: Heterogeneous atmospheric organic aerosol production by inorganic acid-catalyzed particle-phase reactions, Science, 298, 814&amp;ndash;817, 2002. </reference>
		<reference numeration="25" content_type="text">Jenkin, M. E., Saunders, S. M., Wagner, V., and Pilling, M. J.: Protocol for the development of the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3 (Part B): tropospheric degradation of aromatic volatile organic compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 181&amp;ndash;193, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="26" content_type="text">Johnson, D., Jenkin, M. E., Wirtz, K., and Martin-Reviejo, M.: Simulating the formation of secondary organic aerosol from photooxidation of toluene, Environ. Chem., 1, 150&amp;ndash;165, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="27" content_type="text">Johnson, D., Jenkin, M. E., Wirtz, K. and Martin-Reviejo, M.: Simulating the formation of SOA from the photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, Environ. Chem., 2, 35&amp;ndash;48, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="28" content_type="text">Johnson, D., Utembe, S. R., and Jenkin, M. E.: Simulating the detailed chemical composition of secondary organic aerosol formed on a regional scale during the TORCH 2003 campaign in the southern UK, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 419&amp;ndash;431, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="29" content_type="text">Kalberer, M., Yu, J., Cocker, D. R., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Aerosol formation in the cyclohexene-ozone system, Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 4894&amp;ndash;4901, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="30" content_type="text">Kalberer, M., Paulsen, D., Sax, M., Steinbacher, M., Dommen, J., Prevot, A. S. H., Fisseha, R., Weingartner, E., Frankevich, V., Zenobi, R., and Baltensperger, U.: Identification of polymers as major components of atmospheric organic aerosols, Science, 303, 1659&amp;ndash;1662, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="31" content_type="text">Kanakidou, M., Tsigaridis, K., Dentener, F. J., and Crutzen, P. J.: Human-activity-enhanced formation of organic aerosols by biogenic hydrocarbon oxidation, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 9243&amp;ndash;9254, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="32" content_type="text">Kanakidou, M., Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., Barnes, I., Dentener, F. J., Facchini, M. C., Van Dingenen, R., Ervens, B., Nenes, A., Nielsen, C. J., Swietlicki, E., Putaud, J. P., Balkanski, Y., Fuzzi, S., Horth, J., Moortgat, G. K., Winterhalter, R., Myhre, C. E. L., Tsigaridis, K., Vignati, E., Stephanou, E. G., and Wilson, J.: Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053&amp;ndash;1123, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="33" content_type="text">Kroll, J. H., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Representation of secondary organic aerosol laboratory chamber data for the interpretation of mechanisms of particle growth, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 4159&amp;ndash;4165, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="34" content_type="text">Kroll, J. H., Ng, N. L., Murphy, S. M., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J.H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene photooxidation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 1869&amp;ndash;1877, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="35" content_type="text">Kroll, J. H., Chan, A. W. H., Ng, N. L., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Reactions of semivolatile organics and their effects on secondary organic aerosol formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 3545&amp;ndash;3550, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="36" content_type="text">Madronich, S., and Calvert, J. G.: Permutation reactions of organic peroxy radicals in the troposphere, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 5697&amp;ndash;5715, 1990. </reference>
		<reference numeration="37" content_type="text">Madronich, S., and Flocke, S.: The role of solar radiation in atmospheic chemistry, Handbook of environmental chemistry, 1&amp;ndash;26, Springer, New York, 1998. </reference>
		<reference numeration="38" content_type="text">Martin-Riviejo, M., and Wirtz, K.: Is benzene a precursor for secondary organic aerosol?, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 1045&amp;ndash;1054, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="39" content_type="text">Molina, M.J., Ivanov, A.V., Trakhtenberg, S., Molina, L. T.: Atmospheric evolution of organic aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L22104, doi:10.1029/2004GL020910, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="40" content_type="text">Myrdal, P. B., and Yalkowsky, S. H.: Estimating pure component vapor pressures of complex organic molecules, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 36, 2494&amp;ndash;2499, 1997. </reference>
		<reference numeration="41" content_type="text">Ng, N. L., Kroll, J. H., Keywood, M. D., Bahreini, R., Varutbangkul, V., Flagan, R. C., Seinfeld, J. H., Lee, A., and Goldstein, A. H.: Contribution of first- versus second-generation products to secondary organic aerosols formed in the oxidation of biogenic hydrocarbons, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 2283&amp;ndash;2297, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="42" content_type="text">Ng, N. L., Kroll, J. H., Chan, A. W. H., Chhabra, P. S., Flagan, R. C. and Seinfeld, J. H.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from m-xylene, toluene, and benzene, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discussion, 7, 4085&amp;ndash;4126, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="43" content_type="text">Odum, J. R., Hoffmann, T., Bowman, F., Collins, D., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Gas/particle partitioning and secondary aerosol yields, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2580&amp;ndash;2585, 1996. </reference>
		<reference numeration="44" content_type="text">Odum, J. R., Jungkamp, T. P. W., Griffin, R. J., Forstner, H. J. L., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Aromatics, reformulated gasoline, and atmospheric organic aerosol formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 31, 1890&amp;ndash;1897, 1997. </reference>
		<reference numeration="45" content_type="text">Pandis, S. N., Paulson, S. E., Seinfeld, J. H., and Flagan, R. C.: Aerosol formation in the photooxidation of isoprene and α-pinene, Atmos. Environ., 25, 997&amp;ndash;1008, 1991. </reference>
		<reference numeration="46" content_type="text">Pankow, J. F.: An absorption model of gas/particle partitioning of organic compounds in the atmosphere, Atmos. Environ., 28, 185&amp;ndash;188, 1994a. </reference>
		<reference numeration="47" content_type="text">Pankow, J. F.: An absorption model of the gas/aerosol partioning involved in the formation of secondary organic aerosol, Atmos. Environ., 28, 189&amp;ndash;193, 1994b. </reference>
		<reference numeration="48" content_type="text">Poisson, N., Kanakidou, M. A. and Crutzen, P. J.: Impact of non-methane hydrocarbons on 20 tropospheric chemistry and the oxidizing power of the global troposphere: 3-dimensional modelling results, J. Atmos. Chem., 36, 157&amp;ndash;230, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="49" content_type="text">Presto, A. A., Huff Hartz, K. E., and Donahue, N. M.: Secondary organic aerosol production from terpene ozonolysis. 2. Effect of NOx concentration, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 7046&amp;ndash;7054, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="50" content_type="text">Puxbaum, H., Rendl, J., Allabashi, R., Otter, L., and Scholes, M. C.: Mass balance of atmospheric aerosol in a South-African subtropical savanna (Nylsvley, May 1997), J. Geophys. Res., 105, 20 697&amp;ndash;20 706, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="51" content_type="text">Reid, R. C., Prausnitz, J. M., and Polling, B. E.: The properties of gases and liquids, 4th edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1986. %</reference>
		<reference numeration="52" content_type="text">Robinson, A. L., Donahue, N. M., and Rogge W. F.: Photochemical oxidation and changes in molecular composition of organic aerosol in the regional context, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D3, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="53" content_type="text">Rogge, W. F., Mazurek, M. A., Hildemann, L. M., Cass, G. R., Simoneit, B. R. T.: Quantification of urban organic aerosols at a molecular level: identification, abundance and seasonal variation, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 1309&amp;ndash;1330, 1993. </reference>
		<reference numeration="54" content_type="text">Saunders, S. M., Jenkin, M. E., Derwent, R. G., and Pilling, M. J.: Protocol for the development of the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3 (Part A): tropospheric degradation of non-aromatic volatile organic compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 161&amp;ndash;180, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="55" content_type="text">Schell, B., Ackermann, I. J., Hass, H., Binkowski, F. S., and Ebel, A.: Modeling the formation of secondary organic aerosol within a comprehensive air quality model system, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 28 275&amp;ndash;28 293, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="56" content_type="text">Seinfeld, J. H. and Pankow, J. F.: Organic atmospheric particulate material, Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem., 54, 121&amp;ndash;140, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="57" content_type="text">Song, C., Na, K., and Cocker III, D. R.: Impact of the hydrocarbon to NOx ratio on secondary organic aerosol formation, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 3143&amp;ndash;3149, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="58" content_type="text">Stephanou, E. G.: The decay of organic aerosols, Nature, 434, 31, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="59" content_type="text">Stockwell, W. R., Kirchner, F., Kuhn, M., and Seefeld, S.: A new mechanism for regional atmospheric chemistry modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 25 847&amp;ndash;25 879, 1997. </reference>
		<reference numeration="60" content_type="text">Tobias, H. J., and Ziemann, P. J.: Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions of alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and water with the C13 stabilized Criegee Intermediate formed from ozonolysis of 1-tetradecene, J. Phys. Chem. A, 105, 6129&amp;ndash;6135, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="61" content_type="text">Tolocka, M. P., Jang, M., Ginter, J. M., Cox, F. J., Kamens, R. M., and Johnston, M. V.: Formation of oligomers in secondary organic aerosol, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 1428&amp;ndash;1434, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="62" content_type="text">Tsigaridis, K., and Kanakidou, M.: Global modelling of secondary organic aerosol in the troposphere: a sensitivity analysis, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 2879&amp;ndash;2929, 2003. </reference>
		<reference numeration="63" content_type="text">Turpin, B. J., Saxena, P., and Andrews, E.: Measuring and simulating particulate organics in the atmosphere: problems and prospects, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2983&amp;ndash;3013, 2000. </reference>
		<reference numeration="64" content_type="text">Verwer, J. G.: Gauss-Seidel iteration for stiff ODEs from chemical kinetics, SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 15, 1243&amp;ndash;1250, 1994. </reference>
		<reference numeration="65" content_type="text">Verwer, J. G., Blom, J. G., Van Loon, M., and Spee, E. J.: A comparison of stiff ODE solvers for atmospheric chemistry problems, Atmos. Environ., 30, 49&amp;ndash;58, 1996. </reference>
		<reference numeration="66" content_type="text">Vesterinen, M., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Kulmala, M., and Laaksonen, A.: Effect of particle phase oligomer formation on aerosol growth, Atmos. Environ., 41, 1768&amp;ndash;1776, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="67" content_type="text">Volkamer, R., Jimenez, J. L., San Martini, F., Dzepina, K., Zhang, Q., Salcedo, D., Molina, L. T., Worsnop, D. R., and Molina, M. J.: Secondary organic aerosol formation from anthropogenic air pollution: rapid and higher than expected, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L17811, doi:10.1029/2006GL026899, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="68" content_type="text">Wang, S.-C., Paulson, S. E., Grosjean, D., Flagan, R. C., and Seinfeld, J. H.: Aerosol formation and growth in atmospheric organic/NOx systems-I. Outdoor smog chamber studies of C7-and C8-hydrocarbons, Atmos. Environ., 26A, 403&amp;ndash;420, 1992. </reference>
		<reference numeration="69" content_type="text">Zhang, S.-H., Shaw, M., Seinfeld, J. H., and Flagan, R. C.: Photochemical aerosol formation from α-pinene and β-pinene, J. Geophys. Res., 97(D18), 20717&amp;ndash;20729,1992. </reference>
	</references>
</article>

