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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACPD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACPD</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7375</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acpd-5-4223-2005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>The mean meridional circulation and midlatitude ozone buildup</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Nikulin</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Karpechko</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Atmospheric Research Programme, Box 812, SE-98112 Kiruna, Sweden</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Finnish Meteorological Institute, Arctic Research Centre, T¨ahteläntie 62, FIN-99600 Sodankylä, Finland</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>30</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>5</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>4223</fpage>
<lpage>4256</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
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<abstract>
<p>The development of wintertime ozone buildup over the Northern Hemisphere
(NH) midlatitudes and its connection with the mean meridional circulation in
the stratosphere are examined statistically on a monthly basis from October
to March (1980&amp;ndash;2002). The ozone buildup begins locally in October with
positive ozone tendencies over the North Pacific, which spread eastward and
westward in November and finally cover all midlatitudes in December. During
October&amp;ndash;January a longitudinal distribution of the ozone tendencies mirrors
a structure of quasi-stationary planetary waves in the lower stratosphere
and has less similarity with this structure in February&amp;ndash;March when chemistry
begins to play a more important role. From November to March, zonal mean
ozone tendencies (50&amp;deg;&amp;ndash;60&amp;deg; N) show strong correlation (|r|=0.7) with
different parameters used as proxies of the mean meridional circulation,
namely: eddy heat flux, the vertical residual velocity
(diabatically-derived) and temperature tendency. The correlation patterns
between ozone tendency and the vertical residual velocity or temperature
tendency are more homogeneous from month to month than ones for eddy heat
flux. A partial exception is December when correlation is strong only for
the vertical residual velocity. In October zonal mean ozone tendencies have
no coupling with the proxies. However, positive tendencies averaged over the
North Pacific correlate well, with all of them suggesting that
intensification of northward ozone transport starts locally over the Pacific
already in October. We show that the NH midlatitude ozone buildup has stable
statistical relation with the mean meridional circulation in all months from
October to March and half of the interannual variability in monthly ozone
tendencies can be explained by applying different proxies of the mean
meridional circulation.</p>
</abstract>
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