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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACPD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACPD</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7375</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acpd-5-3747-2005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Influence of convective transport on tropospheric ozone and its precursors in a chemistry-climate model</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Doherty</surname>
<given-names>R. M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Stevenson</surname>
<given-names>D. S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Collins</surname>
<given-names>W. J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Sanderson</surname>
<given-names>M. G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Atmospheric and Environmental Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research, Met Office, Exeter, UK</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>07</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2005</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>5</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>3747</fpage>
<lpage>3771</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
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<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/5/3747/2005/acpd-5-3747-2005.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/5/3747/2005/acpd-5-3747-2005.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>The impact of convection on tropospheric O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; and its precursors has been
examined in a coupled chemistry-climate model. There are two ways that
convection affects O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;. First, convection affects O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; by vertical
mixing of O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; itself. Convection lifts lower tropospheric air to regions
where the ozone lifetime is longer, whilst mass-balance subsidence mixes
O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-rich upper tropospheric (UT) air downwards to regions where the
O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; lifetime is shorter. This tends to decrease UT ozone and the overall
tropospheric column of O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;. Secondly, convection affects O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; by
vertical mixing of ozone precursors. This affects O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; chemical
production and destruction. Convection transports isoprene and its
degradation products to the UT where they interact with lightning NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;
to produce PAN, at the expense of NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;. The combined effect of NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;
to PAN conversions and downward transport of lightning NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; results in
UT NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; decreases. Convective lofting of NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; from surface sources
appears relatively unimportant. Despite UT NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; decreases, UT O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; production increases as a result of UT HO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; increases driven by isoprene
oxidation chemistry. However, UT O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; tends to decrease, as the effect of
convective overturning of O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; itself dominates over changes in O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; chemistry. The changes in tropical UT O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; are transported polewards
resulting in a 15% decrease in the global tropospheric O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; burden.
These results contrast with an earlier study that uses a model of similar
chemical complexity. Differences in chemistry schemes - in particular
isoprene-driven changes, as well as differences in convection schemes
themselves, are the most likely causes of such discrepancies. Further
modelling studies are needed to constrain this uncertainty range.</p>
</abstract>
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