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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACPD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACPD</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7375</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acpd-4-969-2004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Simultaneous lidar observations of temperatures and waves in the polar middle atmosphere on both sides of the Scandinavian mountains: a case study on 19/20 January 2003</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Blum</surname>
<given-names>U.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Fricke</surname>
<given-names>K. H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Baumgarten</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schöch</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Physikalisches Institut der Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Leibniz-Institut für Atmosphärenphysik e.V., D-18225 Kühlungsborn, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>11</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>4</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>969</fpage>
<lpage>989</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/4/969/2004/acpd-4-969-2004.html">This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/4/969/2004/acpd-4-969-2004.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/4/969/2004/acpd-4-969-2004.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/4/969/2004/acpd-4-969-2004.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Atmospheric gravity waves have been the subject of intense research for several
      decades because of their extensive effects on the atmospheric circulation and
      the temperature structure. The U. Bonn lidar at the Esrange and the ALOMAR RMR
      lidar at the Andøya Rocket Range are located in northern Scandinavia 250 km apart on either side of the Scandinavian mountain ridge.  During
      January and February 2003 both lidar systems conducted measurements and retrieved atmospheric temperatures. On
      19/20 January 2003 simultaneous measurements for more than 7 h were possible. Although during most of the
      campaign time the atmosphere was not transparent for the propagation of orographically induced
      gravity waves, they could propagate and were observed at both lidar stations during these simultaneous measurements.
      The wave patterns at ALOMAR show a random distribution with time whereas at the Esrange a persistency in the wave
      patterns is observable.  This persistency can also be found in the distribution of the
      most powerful vertical wavelengths.  The mode values are both at about 5
      km vertical wavelength, however the distributions are quite different, narrow
      at the Esrange containing values from &amp;lambda;&lt;sub&gt;z&lt;/sub&gt;=2&amp;ndash;6
      km and broad at ALOMAR, covering &amp;lambda;&lt;sub&gt;z&lt;/sub&gt;=1&amp;ndash;12
      km vertical wavelength.  At both stations the waves deposit energy in the atmosphere with increasing altitude, which leads to a
      decrease of the observed gravity wave potential energy density with altitude.  These measurements
      show unambigiously orographically induced gravity waves on both sides of the
      mountains as well as a clear difference of the characteristics of these waves,
      which might be caused by different excitation and propagation conditions on
      either side of the Scandinavian mountain ridge.</p>
</abstract>
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