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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACPD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACPD</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7375</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acpd-4-6603-2004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Flux measurements of biogenic VOCs during ECHO 2003</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Spirig</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Neftel</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Ammann</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dommen</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Grabmer</surname>
<given-names>W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Thielmann</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schaub</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Beauchamp</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wisthaler</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Hansel</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Agroscope, Swiss Federal Research Station for Agroecology and Agriculture, Reckenholzstr. 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Institute of Ion Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Research Centre Jülich, Germany</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>14</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>4</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>6603</fpage>
<lpage>6643</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
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<abstract>
<p>Within the framework of the AFO 2000 project ECHO, two PTR-MS instruments
were operated in combination with sonic anemometers to determine biogenic
VOC fluxes from a mixed deciduous forest site in North-Western Germany using
the eddy covariance (EC) technique. The measurement site was characterised
by a forest of inhomogeneous composition, complex canopy structure, limited
extension in certain wind directions and frequent calm wind conditions
during night time. As a consequence, a considerable fraction of the
measurements did not qualify for flux calculations by EC and had to be
discarded. The validated results show light and temperature dependent
emissions of isoprene and monoterpenes from this forest, with average
emissions (normalised to 30&amp;deg;C and 1000 &amp;micro;moles&amp;nbsp;m&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt; PAR) of 1.5 and 0.39 &amp;micro;g&amp;nbsp;m&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively.
Emissions of methanol reached on average 0.087 &amp;micro;g&amp;nbsp;m&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;&amp;minus;1&lt;/sup&gt;
during daytime, but fluxes were too small to be
detected during night time. Upward fluxes of the isoprene oxidation products
methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and methacrolein (MACR) were also found, being two
orders of magnitude lower than those of isoprene. The observed fluxes are
consistent with upscalings from leaf-level emission measurements of
representative tree species in this forest and, in the case of MVK and MACR,
can plausibly be explained by chemical production through oxidation of
isoprene within the canopy. Calculations with an analytical footprint model
indicate that the observed isoprene fluxes correlate with the fraction of
oaks within the footprints of the flux measurement.</p>
</abstract>
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