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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACPD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACPD</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7375</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acpd-3-41-2003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Charging of ice-vapor interfaces</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Nelson</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Baker</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Nelson Scientific, 7-13-8 Oginosato Higashi, Otsu, Shiga 520-0248, Japan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Dept. of Earth and Space Science and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1310, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>06</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>41</fpage>
<lpage>73</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
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<abstract>
<p>The time resolved chemical composition of aerosol particles, formed by the oxidation of
      alpha-pinene has been investigated by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC-MS) using
      negative and positive ionisation methods (ESI(-) and APCI(+)).  The experiments were
      performed at the EUPHORE facility in Valencia (Spain) under various experimental
      conditions, including dark ozone reactions, photosmog experiments with low
      NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; mixing ratios and reaction with OH radicals in the absence of
      NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; (H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-photolysis).  Particles were sampled on PTFE filters at different stages of the reaction and extracted with methanol.  The
      predominant products from alpha-pinene in the particulate phase are cis-pinic acid, cis-pinonic
      acid and hydroxy-pinonic acid isomers.  Another major compound with molecular weight 172
      was detected, possibly a hydroxy-carboxylic acid.  These major compounds account for
      50% to 80% of the identified aerosol products, depending on the time of sampling and type of
      experiment.  In addition, more than 20 different products have been detected and structures
      have been tentatively assigned based on their molecular weight and responses to the different
      ionisation modes.  The different experiments performed showed that the aerosol formation is
      mainly caused by the ozonolysis reaction.  The highest aerosol yields were observed in the
      dark ozone experiments, for which also the highest ratios of mass of identified products to the
      formed aerosol mass were found (30% to 50%, assuming a density of 1 g cm&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;).</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="33"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
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