Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net 1680-7367 1680-7375 2 5 2002 10.5194/acpd-2-1655-2002 http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/2/1655/2002/ http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/2/1655/2002/acpd-2-1655-2002.html http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/2/1655/2002/acpd-2-1655-2002.pdf 1655 1697 2002-10-28 The Hohenpeissenberg aerosol formation experiment (HAFEX): a long-term study including size-resolved aerosol, H₂SO₄, OH, and monoterpenes measurements W. Birmili H. Berresheim C. Plass-Dülmer T. Elste S. Gilge A. Wiedensohler U. Uhrner University of Birmingham, Division of Environmental Health and Risk Management, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK German Weather Service, Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg (MOHp), Albin-Schwaiger-Weg 10, 83282 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany Institute for Tropospheric Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04303 Leipzig, Germany Ambient aerosol size distributions (> 3 nm) and OH, H₂SO₄, and terpene concentrations were measured from April 1998 to August 2000 at a rural continental site in southern Germany. New particle formation (NPF) events were detected on 18% of all days, typically during midday hours under sunny and dry conditions. Surprisingly, most NPF events occurred during spring and winter, whereas the concentrations of aerosol precursors (H₂SO₄, monoterpenes) clearly peaked in summer. The number of newly formed particles correlated significantly with solar irradiance and ambient levels of H₂SO₄and anti-correlated, especially in the cold season, with relative humidity and the condensational sink provided by pre-existing particles. The particle formation rates were experimentally estimated to be on order of 1 cm^-3 s^-1. Binary homogeneous H₂SO₄-H₂O nucleation rates calculated from measured H₂SO₄ were substantially lower than this, even if assuming particle formation under the thermodynamic conditions on top of the boundary layer. The nucleation mode particle growth rates derived from the evolution of the size distribution were 2.6 nm h^-1 on average, with a fraction of 0.7 nm h^-1 attributed to the co-condensation of H₂SO₄/H₂O/NH₃. Turn-over rate calculations of measured monoterpenes and aromatic hydrocarbons suggest that especially the oxidation products of monoterpenes may contribute to the observed particle growth, although no indications were found that the reaction products of organic compounds would generally control the occurrence of NPF events.