ACPD Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ACPD 1680-7375 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acpd-12-8857-2012 Organics in environmental ices: sources, chemistry, and impacts McNeill V. F. 1 Grannas A. M. 2 Abbatt J. P. D. 3 Ammann M. 4 Ariya P. 5 Bartels-Rausch T. 4 Domine F. 6 Donaldson D. J. 3 Guzman M. I. 7 Heger D. 8 9 Kahan T. F. 10 Klán P. 8 9 Masclin S. 11 Toubin C. 12 Voisin D. 13 Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada Laboratory of Radio- and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland Department of Chemistry and Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, PQ, H3A 2K6, Canada Takuvik International Laboratory, Université Laval and CNRS, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 3, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309-0215, USA Environmental Systems, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA 95343, USA Laboratoire PhLAM – UFR de Physique, Université Lille, 59655 Villeneuve D'Ascq Cedex, France LGGE/OSUG, Université Joseph Fourier, 38402 Saint Martin d'Hères, France 10 04 2012 12 4 8857 8920 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/12/8857/2012/acpd-12-8857-2012.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/12/8857/2012/acpd-12-8857-2012.pdf

The physical, chemical, and biological processes involving organics in ice in the environment impact a number of atmospheric and biogeochemical cycles. Organic material in snow or ice may be biological in origin, deposited from aerosols or atmospheric gases, or formed chemically in situ. In this manuscript, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the sources, properties, and chemistry of organic materials in environmental ices. Several outstanding questions remain to be resolved and fundamental data gathered before a comprehensive, accurate model of organic species in the cryosphere will be possible. For example, more information is needed regarding the quantitative impacts of chemical and biological processes, ice morphology, and snow formation on the fate of organic material in cold regions. Interdisciplinary work at the interfaces of chemistry, physics and biology is needed in order to fully characterize the nature and evolution of organics in the cryosphere and predict the effects of climate change on the Earth's carbon cycle.

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