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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACPD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACPD</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7375</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acpd-12-8433-2012</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Simulation of stratospheric water vapor and trends using three reanalyses</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Schoeberl</surname>
<given-names>M. R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dessler</surname>
<given-names>A. E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Science and Technology Corporation, Lanham, MD, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, TX, USA</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>29</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>12</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>8433</fpage>
<lpage>8463</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
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<abstract>
<p>The domain-filling, forward trajectory calculation model developed by
Schoeberl and Dessler (2011) is extended to the 1979–2010 period. We compare
results from NASA&apos;s MERRA, NCEP&apos;s CFSR, and ECMWF&apos;s ERAi reanalyses with
HALOE, MLS, and balloon observations. The CFSR based simulation produces a
wetter stratosphere than MERRA, and ERAi produces a drier stratosphere than
MERRA. We find that ERAi temperatures are cold biased compared to Singapore
sondes and MERRA, which explains the ERAi result, and the CFSR grid does not
resolve the cold point tropopause, which explains its relatively higher
water vapor concentration. The pattern of dehydration locations is also
different among the three reanalyses. ERAi dehydration pattern stretches
across the Pacific while CFSR and MERRA are concentrate dehydration activity
in the West Pacific. CSFR and ERAi also show less dehydration activity in
the West Pacific Southern Hemisphere than MERRA. The models&apos; lower
stratospheres tend to be dry at high northern latitudes because of too
little methane-derived water appears to be descending from the middle
stratosphere. Using the tropical tape recorder signal, we find that MERRA
vertical ascent is 15% too weak while ERAi is 30% too strong. The
models tend to reproduce the observed weakening of the 100-hPa annual cycle
in zonal mean water vapor as it propagates to middle latitudes. Finally,
consistent with the observations, the models show less than 0.2 ppm decade&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;
trends in water vapor both at mid-latitudes and in the tropics.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="31"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body/>
<back>
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