ACPD Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ACPD 1680-7375 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acpd-11-29723-2011 Evaluating WRF-Chem aerosol indirect effects in Southeast Pacific marine stratocumulus during VOCALS-REx Saide P. E. 1 Spak S. N. 1 Carmichael G. R. 1 Mena-Carrasco M. A. 2 Howell S. 3 Leon D. C. 4 Snider J. R. 4 Bandy A. R. 5 Collett J. L. 6 Benedict K. B. 6 de Szoeke S. P. 7 Hawkins L. N. 8 Allen G. 9 Crawford I. 9 Crosier J. 9 Springston S. R. 10 Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research (CGRER), University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA Center for Sustainability Research, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA Department of Chemistry, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA Colorado State University, Department of Atmospheric Science, Fort Collins, CO, USA Oregon State University, College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Corvallis, OR, USA Harvey Mudd College, Department of Chemistry, Claremont, CA, USA Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, MA, USA 04 11 2011 11 11 29723 29775 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/11/29723/2011/acpd-11-29723-2011.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/11/29723/2011/acpd-11-29723-2011.pdf

We evaluate a regional-scale simulation with the WRF-Chem model for the VAMOS (Variability of the American Monsoon Systems) Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx), which sampled the Southeast Pacific's persistent stratocumulus deck. Evaluation of VOCALS-REx ship-based and aircraft observations focuses on analyzing how aerosol loading affects marine boundary layer (MBL) dynamics and cloud microphysics. We compare local time series and campaign-averaged longitudinal gradients, and highlight differences in model simulations with (W) and without wet (NW) deposition processes. The higher aerosol loadings in the NW case produce considerable changes in MBL dynamics and cloud microphysics, in accordance with the established conceptual model of aerosol indirect effects. These include increase in cloud albedo, increase in MBL and cloud heights, drizzle suppression, increase in liquid water content, and increase in cloud lifetime. Moreover, better statistical representation of aerosol mass and number concentration improves model fidelity in reproducing observed spatial and temporal variability in cloud properties, including top and base height, droplet concentration, water content, rain rate, optical depth (COD) and liquid water path (LWP). Together, these help to quantify confidence in WRF-Chem's modeled aerosol-cloud interactions, while identifying structural and parametric uncertainties including: irreversibility in rain wet removal; overestimation of marine DMS and sea salt emissions and accelerated aqueous sulfate conversion. Our findings suggest that WRF-Chem simulates marine cloud-aerosol interactions at a level sufficient for applications in forecasting weather and air quality and studying aerosol climate forcing, including the reliability required for policy analysis and geo-engineering applications.

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