ACPD Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ACPD 1680-7375 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acpd-11-26057-2011 Spatial-temporal variations of surface ozone and ozone control strategy for Northern China Tang G. 1 Wang Y. 1 Li X. 1 Ji D. 1 Gao X. 2 State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China Tianjin Environmental Monitoring Center, Tianjin 300191, China 20 09 2011 11 9 26057 26109 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/11/26057/2011/acpd-11-26057-2011.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/11/26057/2011/acpd-11-26057-2011.pdf

The Project of Atmospheric Combined Pollution Monitoring over Beijing and its Surrounding Areas, was an intensive field campaign conducted over northern China between June 2009 and September 2011 to provide an in-depth understanding and a comprehensive record of ozone (O<sub>3</sub>), respirable suspended particulate (PM<sub>10</sub>), fine particle (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>), volatile organic compounds (VOC<sub>s</sub>) and other air pollutants in this quickly developing region of China. In this campaign, 25 stations in an air-quality monitoring network provided regional-scale spatial coverage. In this study, we analyzed the data on O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub> levels obtained at the 22 sites over northern China between 1 September 2009 and 31 August 2010. Our goal was to investigate the O<sub>3</sub> spatial-temporal variations and control strategy in this area. Significant diurnal, and seasonal variations were noted, with the highest concentrations typically found at around 03:00 p.m. (LT) and in June. The lowest concentrations were generally found during early morning hours (around 06:00 a.m.) and in December. Compared with July and August, June has increased photochemical production due to decreasing cloudiness coupled with reduced O<sub>3</sub> loss due to less dry deposition, inducing an O<sub>3</sub> peak appearing in June. The averaged O<sub>3</sub> concentrations were lower in the plains area compared with the mountainous area due to the titration effects of high NO<sub>x</sub> emissions in urban areas. When the characteristics of O<sub>3</sub> pollution in different regions were distinguished by factor analysis, we found high levels of O<sub>3</sub> that exceeded China's National Standard throughout the plains areas, especially over Beijing and the surrounding areas. An integrated analysis with emissions data, meteorological data, and topography over northern China found that the meteorological results were the main factors that dominated the spatial variations of O<sub>3</sub>, with the presence of abundant emissions of precursors in this area. The smog production algorithm and space-based HCHO/NO<sub>2</sub> column ratio were used to show the O<sub>3</sub>-NO<sub>x</sub>-VOC<sub>s</sub> sensitivity and examine the control strategy of O<sub>3</sub> over northern China. The results show that summer O<sub>3</sub> productions in the plains and northern mountainous areas were sensitive to VOC<sub>s</sub> and NO<sub>x</sub>, respectively. Our results are helpful for redefining government strategies to control the photochemical formation of air pollutants over northern China and are relevant for developing urban agglomerations worldwide.

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