References

ACPD

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions

ACPD

1680-7375

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acpd-11-23573-2011

Fossil versus contemporary sources of fine elemental and organic carbonaceous particulate matter during the DAURE campaign in Northeast Spain

Minguillón

M. C.

¹ ² Perron

¹ ¹⁵ Querol

² Szidat

³ ⁴ Fahrni

S. M.

¹ ³ ⁴ Alastuey

² Jimenez

J. L.

⁵ ⁶ Mohr

¹ Ortega

A. M.

⁵ ⁷ Day

D. A.

⁵ ⁶ Lanz

V. A.

¹ Wacker

⁸ Reche

² Cusack

² Amato

² Kiss

⁹ Hoffer

⁹ Decesari

¹⁰ Moretti

¹⁰ Hillamo

¹¹ Teinilä

¹¹ Seco

¹² Peñuelas

¹² Metzger

¹³ Schallhart

¹³ Müller

¹³ Hansel

¹³ Burkhart

J. F.

¹⁴ Baltensperger

¹ Prévôt

A. S. H.

Paul Scherrer Institut, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland

Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), CSIC, 08034 Barcelona, Spain

Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, 3012 Berne, Switzerland

Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, 3012 Berne, Switzerland

Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA

Cooperative Institute for Research in the Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA

Dept. of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA

Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, ETH Hönggerberg, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland

Air Chemistry Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 8201 Veszprém, Hungary

Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), CNR, Bologna, Italy

Finnish Meteorological Institute, Air Quality Research, 00101 Helsinki, Finland

Unitat d'Ecologia Global CREAF-CEAB-CSIC, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain

Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, Innsbruck University, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria

Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), 2027 Kjeller, Norway

now at: Dept. of Nuclear Physics, University of Lund, 221 00 Lund, Sweden

19 08 2011

11 8 23573 23618

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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We present results from the international field campaign DAURE (Determination of the sources of atmospheric Aerosols in Urban and Rural Environments in the western Mediterranean), with the objective of apportioning the sources of fine carbonaceous aerosols. Submicron fine particulate matter (PM1) samples were collected during February-March 2009 and July 2009 at an urban background site in Barcelona (BCN) and at a forested regional background site in Montseny (MSY). We present radiocarbon (14C) analysis for elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC) and source apportionment for these data. We combine the results with those from component analysis of aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) measurements, and compare to levoglucosan-based estimates of biomass burning OC, source apportionment of filter data with inorganic+EC+OC speciation, submicron bulk potassium (K) concentrations, and gaseous acetonitrile concentrations. At BCN, 87 % and 91 % of the EC on average, in winter and summer, respectively, had a fossil origin, whereas at MSY these fractions were 66 % and 79 %. The contribution of fossil sources to organic carbon (OC) at BCN was 40 % and 48 %, in winter and summer, respectively, and 31 % and 25 % at MSY. The combination of results obtained using the 14C technique, AMS data, and the correlations between fossil OC and fossil EC imply that the fossil OC at Barcelona is ~65 % primary whereas at MSY the fossil OC is mainly secondary (~85 %). Day-to-day variation in total carbonaceous aerosol loading and the relative contributions of different sources predominantly depended on the meteorological transport conditions. The estimated biogenic secondary OC at MSY only increased by ~40 % compared to the order-of-magnitude increase observed for biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) between winter and summer, which highlights the uncertainties in the estimation of that component. Biomass burning contributions estimated using the 14C technique ranged from similar to higher than when estimated using other techniques, and the different estimations were highly or moderately correlated. Differences can be explained by the contribution of secondary organic matter (not included in the primary biomass burning source estimates), and/or by an overestimation of the biomass burning OC contribution by the 14C technique if the estimated biomass burning EC/OC ratio used for the calculations is too high for this region. Acetonitrile concentrations correlate well with the biomass burning EC determined by 14C. K is a noisy tracer for biomass burning.

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