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10.5194/acpd-11-12949-2011
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/11/12949/2011/
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/11/12949/2011/acpd-11-12949-2011.html
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/11/12949/2011/acpd-11-12949-2011.pdf
12949
13002
2011-04-27
Ground-based and airborne in-situ measurements of the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic aerosol plume in Switzerland in spring 2010
N. Bukowiecki
P. Zieger
E. Weingartner
Z. Jurányi
M. Gysel
B. Neininger
B. Schneider
C. Hueglin
A. Ulrich
A. Wichser
S. Henne
D. Brunner
R. Kaegi
M. Schwikowski
L. Tobler
F. G. Wienhold
I. Engel
B. Buchmann
T. Peter
U. Baltensperger
Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
Metair AG – meteorological airborne observations, airfield LSZN, Hausen a.A., Switzerland
Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
Laboratory of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland
Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
The volcanic aerosol plume resulting from the Eyjafjallajökull eruption in
Iceland in April and May 2010 was detected in clear layers above Switzerland
during two periods (17–19 April 2010 and 16–19 May 2010). In-situ
measurements of the airborne volcanic plume were performed both within
ground-based monitoring networks and with a research aircraft up to an
altitude of 6000 m a.s.l. The wide range of aerosol and gas phase
parameters studied at the high altitude research station Jungfraujoch
(3580 m a.s.l.) allowed for an in-depth characterization of the
detected volcanic aerosol. Both the data from the Jungfraujoch and the
aircraft vertical profiles showed a consistent volcanic ash mode in the
aerosol volume size distribution with a mean optical diameter around
3 ± 0.3 μm. These particles were found to have an average
chemical composition very similar to the trachyandesite-like composition of
rock samples collected near the volcano. Furthermore, chemical processing of
volcanic sulfur dioxide into sulfate clearly contributed to the accumulation
mode of the aerosol at the Jungfraujoch. The combination of these in-situ
data and plume dispersion modeling results showed that a significant portion
of the first volcanic aerosol plume reaching Switzerland on 17 April 2010 did
not reach the Jungfraujoch directly, but was first dispersed and diluted in
the planetary boundary layer. The maximum PM<sub>10</sub> mass concentrations at the
Jungfraujoch reached 30 μg m<sup>−3</sup> and 70 μg m<sup>−3</sup>
(for 10-min mean values) during the April and May episode, respectively.
Even low-altitude monitoring stations registered up to 45 μg m<sup>−3</sup> of volcanic ash related PM<sub>10</sub> (Basel, Northwestern Switzerland, 18/19
April 2010). The flights with the research aircraft on 17 April 2010 showed
one order of magnitude higher number concentrations over the northern Swiss
plateau compared to the Jungfraujoch, and a mass concentration of 320
(200–520) μg m<sup>−3</sup> on 18 May 2010 over the northwestern Swiss
plateau. The presented data significantly contributed to the time-critical
assessment of the local ash layer properties during the initial eruption
phase. Furthermore, dispersion models benefited from the detailed information
on the volcanic aerosol size distribution and its chemical composition.
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