Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions
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10.5194/acpd-10-7079-2010
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/7079/2010/
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/7079/2010/acpd-10-7079-2010.html
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/7079/2010/acpd-10-7079-2010.pdf
7079
7113
2010-03-16
Seasonal variations and spatial distribution of carbonaceous aerosols in Taiwan
C. C.-K. Chou
ckchou@rcec.sinica.edu.tw
C. T. Lee
M. T. Cheng
C. S. Yuan
S. J. Chen
Y. L. Wu
W. C. Hsu
S. C. Lung
S. C. Hsu
C. Y. Lin
S. C. Liu
Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan
Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
Department of Environmental Resources Management, Dahan Institute of Technology, Hualien, Taiwan
To investigate the physico-chemical properties of aerosols in Taiwan, an
observation network was initiated in 2003. In this work, the measurements of
the mass concentration and carbonaceous composition of PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2.5</sub> are
presented. Analysis on the data collected in the first 5-years, from 2003 to
2007, showed that there was a very strong contrast in the aerosol field
between the rural and the urban/suburban stations. The five-year means of EC
at the respective stations ranged from 0.9±0.04 to 4.2±0.1 μgC m<sup>−3</sup>.
In rural areas, EC accounted for 2–3% of PM<sub>10</sub> and 3–5%
of PM<sub>2.5</sub> mass loadings, comparing to 4–6% of PM<sub>10</sub> and 4–8% of
PM<sub>2.5</sub> in the urban areas. It was found that the spatial distribution of EC was
consistent with CO and NO<sub>x</sub> across the network stations, suggesting that the
levels of EC over Taiwan were dominated by local sources. The measured OC
was split into POC and SOC counterparts following the EC tracer method.
Five-year means of POC ranged from 1.8±0.1 to 9.7±0.2 μgC m<sup>−3</sup>
among the stations. It was estimated that the POM contributed 5–17%
of PM<sub>10</sub> and 7–18% of PM<sub>2.5</sub> in Taiwan. On the other hand, the
five-year means of SOC ranged from 1.5±0.1 to 3.8±0.3 μgC m<sup>−3</sup>.
The mass fractions of SOM were estimated to be 9–19% in PM<sub>10</sub>
and 14–22% in PM<sub>2.5</sub>. The results showed that the SOC did not exhibit
significant urban-rural contrast as did the POC and EC. A significant
cross-station correlation between SOC and total oxidant was observed, which
means the spatial distribution of SOC in Taiwan was dominated by the oxidant
mixing ratio. Besides, correlation was also found between SOC and
particulate nitrate, implying that the precursors of SOA were mainly from
local anthropogenic sources. In addition to the spatial distribution, the
carbonaceous aerosols also exhibited distinct seasonality. In northern
Taiwan, the concentrations of all the three carbonaceous components (EC,
POC, and SOC) reached their respective minima in the fall season. POC and EC
increased drastically in winter and peaked in spring, whereas the SOC was
characterized by a bimodal pattern with the maximal concentration in winter
and a second mode in summertime. In southern Taiwan, minimal levels of POC
and EC occurred consistently in summer and the maxima were observed in
winter, whereas the SOC peaked in summer and declined in wintertime. The
discrepancies in the seasonality of carbonaceous aerosols between northern
and southern Taiwan were most likely caused by the seasonal meteorological
settings that dominated the dispersion of air pollutants. Moreover, it was
inferred that the Asian pollution outbreaks could have shifted the seasonal
maxima of air pollutants from winter to spring in the northern Taiwan, and
that the biogenic SOA precursors were responsible to the elevated SOC
concentrations in summer.
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