Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net 1680-7367 1680-7375 10 3 2010 10.5194/acpd-10-7037-2010 http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/7037/2010/ http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/7037/2010/acpd-10-7037-2010.html http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/7037/2010/acpd-10-7037-2010.pdf 7037 7077 2010-03-16 Biomass burning impact on PM_2.5 over the southeastern US during 2007: integrating chemically speciated FRM filter measurements, MODIS fire counts and PMF analysis X. Zhang xzhang3@mail.gatech.edu A. Hecobian M. Zheng N. H. Frank R. J. Weber School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia Office of Air Quality Planning & Standards, US Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA Archived Federal Reference Method (FRM) Teflon filters used by state regulatory agencies for measuring PM_2.5 mass were acquired from 15 sites throughout the southeastern US and analyzed for Water-Soluble Organic Carbon (WSOC), water-soluble ions and carbohydrates to investigate biomass burning contributions to fine aerosol mass. Based on over 900 filters that spanned all of 2007, levoglucosan and K⁺ were studied in conjunction with MODIS Aqua fire count data to compare their performances as biomass burning tracers. Levoglucosan concentrations exhibited a distinct seasonal variation with large enhancement in winter and spring and a minimum in summer, and were well correlated with fire counts, except in winter when residential wood burning contributions were significant. In contrast, K⁺ concentrations had no apparent seasonal trend and poor correlation with fire counts. Levoglucosan and K⁺ only correlated well in winter (<i>r</i>²=0.59) when biomass burning emissions were highest, whereas in other seasons they were not correlated due to the presence of other K⁺ sources. Levoglucosan also exhibited larger spatial variability than K⁺. Both species were higher in urban than rural sites (mean 44% higher for levoglucosan and 86% for K⁺). Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was applied to analyze PM_2.5 sources and four factors were resolved: biomass burning, refractory material, secondary light absorbing WSOC and secondary sulfate/WSOC. 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