Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net 1680-7367 1680-7375 10 3 2010 10.5194/acpd-10-6375-2010 http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/6375/2010/ http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/6375/2010/acpd-10-6375-2010.html http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/6375/2010/acpd-10-6375-2010.pdf 6375 6446 2010-03-08 Two-moment bulk stratiform cloud microphysics in the GFDL AM3 GCM: description, evaluation, and sensitivity tests M. Salzmann salzmann@princeton.edu Y. Ming J.-C. Golaz P. A. Ginoux H. Morrison A. Gettelman M. Krämer L. J. Donner Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program, Princeton University, 300 Forrestal Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, NOAA, P.O. Box 308, Princeton, NJ 08542, USA National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, ICG-I, 52425 Jülich, Germany A new stratiform cloud scheme including a two-moment bulk microphysics module, a cloud cover parameterization allowing ice supersaturation, and an ice nucleation parameterization has been implemented into the recently developed GFDL AM3 general circulation model (GCM) as part of an effort to treat aerosol-cloud-radiation interactions more realistically. Unlike the original scheme, the new scheme facilitates the study of cloud-ice-aerosol interactions via influences of dust and sulfate on ice nucleation. While liquid and cloud ice water path associated with stratiform clouds are similar for the new and the original scheme, column integrated droplet numbers and global frequency distributions (PDFs) of droplet effective radii differ significantly. This difference is in part due to a difference in the implementation of the Wegener-Bergeron-Findeisen (WBF) mechanism, which leads to a larger contribution from super-cooled droplets in the original scheme. Clouds are more likely to be either completely glaciated or liquid due to the WBF mechanism in the new scheme. Super-saturations over ice simulated with the new scheme are in qualitative agreement with observations, and PDFs of ice numbers and effective radii appear reasonable in the light of observations. Especially, the temperature dependence of ice numbers qualitatively agrees with in-situ observations. The global average long-wave cloud forcing decreases in comparison to the original scheme as expected when super-saturation over ice is allowed. 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