ACPD Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ACPD 1680-7375 Copernicus GmbH Göttingen, Germany 10.5194/acpd-10-29923-2010 Sources of carbonaceous aerosol in the Amazon Basin Gilardoni S. 1 Vignati E. 1 Marmer E. 1 Cavalli F. 1 Belis C. 1 Gianelle V. 2 Loureiro A. 3 Artaxo P. 3 Joint Research Center, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Climate Change Unit, Ispra, Italy ARPA Lombardia, via F. Restelli 3/1, Milan, Italy Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de São Paolo, Rua do Matao, Sao Paulo, Brazil 09 12 2010 10 12 29923 29969 This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/29923/2010/acpd-10-29923-2010.html The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/29923/2010/acpd-10-29923-2010.pdf

The quantification of sources of carbonaceous aerosol is important to understand their atmospheric concentrations and regulating processes and to study possible effects on climate and air quality, in addition to develop mitigation strategies. <br><br> In the framework of the European Aerosol Cloud Climate Interaction (EUCAARI) project fine (<i>D</i><sub>p</sub> < 2.5 μm) and coarse (2.5 μm < <i>D</i><sub>p</sub> < 10 μm) aerosol particles were sampled from February to June (wet season) and from August to September (dry season) 2008 in the Central Amazon Basin. The mass of fine particles averaged 2.4 μg m<sup>−3</sup> during the wet season and 4.2 μg m<sup>−3</sup> during the dry season. The average coarse aerosol mass concentration during wet and dry periods was 7.9 and 7.6 μg m<sup>−3</sup>, respectively. The overall chemical composition of fine and coarse mass did not show any seasonality with the largest fraction of fine and coarse aerosol mass explained by organic carbon (OC); the average OC to mass ratio was 0.4 and 0.6 in fine and coarse aerosol modes, respectively. The mass absorbing cross section of soot was determined by comparison of elemental carbon and light absorption coefficient measurements and it was equal to 4.7 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> at 637 nm. Carbon aerosol sources were identified by Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) analysis of thermograms: 43% of fine total carbon mass was assigned to biomass burning, 34% to secondary organic aerosol (SOA), and 23% to volatile species that are difficult to apportion. In the coarse mode, primary biogenic aerosol particles (PBAP) dominated the carbonaceous aerosol mass. The results confirmed the importance of PBAP in forested areas. <br><br> The source apportionment results were employed to evaluate the ability of global chemistry transport models to simulate carbonaceous aerosol sources in a regional tropical background site. The comparison showed an overestimation of elemental carbon (EC) by the TM5 model during the dry season and OC both during the dry and wet periods. The overestimation was likely due to the overestimation of biomass burning emission inventories and SOA production over tropical areas.

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