References

ACPD

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions

ACPD

1680-7375

Copernicus GmbH

Göttingen, Germany

10.5194/acpd-10-2005-2010

Daytime ozone and temperature variations in the mesosphere: a comparison between SABER observations and HAMMONIA model

Dikty

¹ Schmidt

² Weber

¹ von Savigny

¹ Mlynczak

M. G.

Institute of Environmental Physics, Bremen, Germany

Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany

NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA

29 01 2010

10 1 2005 2029

This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/2005/2010/acpd-10-2005-2010.html

The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/2005/2010/acpd-10-2005-2010.pdf

The scope of this paper is to investigate the latest version 1.07 SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) tropical ozone from the 1.27 μm as well as from the 9.6 μm retrieval and temperature data with respect to daytime variations in the upper mesosphere. For a better understanding of the processes involved we compare these daytime variations to the output of the three-dimensional general circulation and chemistry model HAMMONIA (Hamburg Model of the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere). The results show good agreement for ozone. The amplitude of daytime variations is in both cases approximately 60% of the daytime mean. During equinox the daytime maximum ozone abundance is for both, the observations and the model, higher than during solstice, especially above 80 km. We also use the HAMMONIA output of daytime variation patterns of several other different trace gas species, e.g., water vapor and atomic oxygen, to discuss the daytime pattern in ozone. In contrast to ozone, temperature data show little daytime variations between 65 and 90 km and their amplitudes are on the order of less than 1.5%. In addition, SABER and HAMMONIA temperatures show significant differences above 80 km.

References 1

Achatz, U., Grieger, N., and Schmidt, H.: Mechanisms controlling the diurnal solar tide: Analysis using a GCM and a linear model, J Geophys Res., 113, A08303, \doi10.1029/2007JA012967, 2008.

Allen, M., Lunine, J., and Yung, Y.: The Vertical Distribution of Ozone in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere, J Geophys Res., 89, 4841–4872, 1984a.

Allen, M., Lunine, J., and Yung, Y.: Correction to 'The Vertical Distribution of Ozone in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere' by M. Allen, J. I. Lunine, and Y. L. Yung, J Geophys Res., 89, 11827–11827, 1984b.

Beig, G., Scheer, J., Mlynczak, M G., and Keckhut, P.: Overview of the temperature response in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere to solar activity, Rev Geophys., 46, RG3002, \doi10.1029/2007RG000236, 2008.

Bovensmann, H., Burrows, J P., Buchwitz, M., Frerick, J., Noël, S., Rozanov, V V., Chance, K V., and Goede, A. P H.: SCIAMACHY: Mission Objectives and Measurement Modes, J Atmos Sci., 56, 127–150, 1999.

Chen, L., London, J., and Brasseur, G.: Middle atmospheric ozone and temperature responses to solar irradiance variations over 27-day periods, J Geophys Res., 102, 29957–29979, 1997.

Connor, B J., Siskind, D E., Tsou, J J., Parish, A., and Remsberg, E E.: Ground-based microwave observations of ozone in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere, J Geophys Res., 99, 16757–16770, 1994.

Crooks, S A. and Gray, L J.: Characterization of the 11-Year Solar Cycle Using a Multiple Regression Analysis of the ERA-40 Dataset, J Climate, 18, 996–1015, 2005.

Dikty, S., Weber, M., von Savigny, C., Rozanov, A., Sonkaew, T., and Burrows, J P.: Modulations of the 27-day solar rotation signal in stratospheric ozone from SCIAMACHY (2003-2008), J Geophys Res., \doi10.1029/2009JD012379, in press, 2010.

Giorgetta, M A., Manzini, E., Roeckner, E., Esch, M., and Bengtsson, L.: Climatology and Forcing of the QBO in MAECHAM5, J Climate, 19, 3882–3901, 2006.

Gruzdev, A. N., Schmidt, H., and Brasseur, G. P.: The effect of the solar rotational irradiance variation on the middle and upper atmosphere calculated by a three-dimensional chemistry-climate model, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 595–614, 2009.

Haefele, A., Hocke, K., Kämpfer, N., Keckhut, P., Marchand, M., Bekki, S., Morel, B., Egorova, T., and Rozanov, E.: Diurnal changes in the middle atmospheric $H_2O$ and $O_3$: Observations in the Alpine region and climate models, J Geophys Res., 113(D17), \doi10.1029/2008JD009892, 2008.

Haigh, J D.: The effects of solar variability on the Earth's climate, Phil Trans R Soc Lond A, 361, 95–111, 2003.

Hood, L L.: Effects of solar UV variability on the stratosphere, Solar Variability and Its Effects on Climate, Geophys Monogr., 141, 283–303, 2004.

Hood, L L. and Zhou, S.: Stratospheric effects of 27-day solar ultraviolet variations: An analysis of UARS MLS ozone and temperature data, J Geophys Res., 103, 3629–3638, 1998.

Huang, F T., Mayr, H., Russel III, J M., Mlynczak, M G., and Reber, C A.: Ozone diurnal variations and mean profiles in the mesosphere, lower thermosphere, and stratosphere, based on measurements from SABER on TIMED, J Geophys Res., 113, A04307, \doi10.1029/2007JA012739, 2008a.

Huang, F T., Mayr, H G., Reber, C A., Russel III, J M., Mlynczak, M G., and Mengel, J G.: Ozone quasi-biennial oscillations (QBO), semiannual oscillations (SAO), and correlations with temperature in the mesosphere, lower thermosphere, and stratosphere, based on measurements from SABER on TIMED and MLS on UARS, J Geophys Res., 113, A01316, \doi10.1029/2007JA012634, 2008b.

Kinnison, D E., Brasseur, G P., Walters, S., Garcia, R R., Marsh, D R., Sassi, F., Harvey, V L., Randall, C E., Emmons, L., Lamarque, J F., Hess, P., Orlando, J J., Tie, X X., Randel, W., Pan, L L., Gettelman, A., Granier, C., Diehl, T., Niemeier, U., and Simmons, A J.: Sensitivity of chemical tracers to meteorological parameters in the MOZART-3 chemical transport model, J Geophys Res., 112(D20), \doi10.1029/2006JD007879, 2007.

Llewellyn, E J., Lloyd, N D., Degenstein, D A., Gattinger, R L., Petelina, S V., Bourassa, A E., Wiensz, J T., Ivanov, E V., McDade, I C., Solheim, B H., McConnell, J C., Haley, C S., von Savigny, C., Sioris, C E., McLinden, C A., Griffioen, E., Kaminski, J., Evans, W. F J., Puckrin, E., Strong, K., Wehrle, V., Hum, R H., Kendall, D. J W., Matsushita, J., Murtagh, D P., Brohede, S., Stegman, J., Witt, G., Barnes, G., Payne, W F., Piché, L., Smith, K., Warshaw, G., Deslauniers, D.-L., Marchand, P., Richardson, E H., King, R A., Wevers, I., McCreath, W., Kyrölä, E., Oikarinen, L., Leppelmeier, G W., Auvinen, H., Mégie, G., Hauchecorne, A., Lefèvre, F., de~La~Nöe, J., Ricaud, P., Frisk, U., Sjoberg, F., von Schéele, F., and Nordh, L.: The OSIRIS instrument on the Odin spacecraft, Can J Phys., 82, 411–422, \doi10.1139/P04-005, 2004.

Manzini, E., Giorgetta, M A., Esch, M., Kornblueh, L., and Roeckner, E.: Sensitivity of the Northern Winter Stratosphere to Sea Surface Temperature Variations: Ensemble Simulations with the MAECHAM5 Model, J Climate, 19, 3863–3881, 2006.

Marsh, D., Smith, A., and Noble, E.: Mesospheric ozone response to changes in water vapor, J Geophys Res., 108(D3), 4109, \doi10.1029/2002JD002705, 2003.

Marsh, D R., Skinner, W R., Marshall, A R., Hays, P B., Ortland, D A., and Yee, J.-H.: High Resolution Doppler Imager observations of ozone in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere, J Geophys Res., 107(D19), 4390, \doi10.1029/2001JD001505, 2002.

Marsh, D R., Garcia, R R., Kinnison, D E., Boville, B A., Sassi, F., Solomon, S C., and Matthes, K.: Modelling the whole atmosphere response to solar cycle changes in radiative and geomagnetic forcing, J Geophys Res., D23306, 112, \doi10.1029/2006JD008306, 2007.

Mlynczak, M G., Marshall, B T., Martin-Torres, F J., Russel III, J M., Thompson, R E., Remsberg, E E., and Gordley, L L.: Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry observations of daytime mesospheric $O_2(^1\Delta)$ 1.27 \unit\mum emission and derivation of ozone, atomic oxygen, and solar and chemical energy deposition rates, J Geophys Res., 112, D15306, \doi10.1029/2006JD008355, 2007.

Mukhtarov, P., Pancheva, D., and Andonov, B.: Global structure and seasonal and interannual variability of the migrating diurnal tide seen in the SABER/TIMED temperatures between 20 and 120 km, J Geophys Res., 114, A02309, \doi10.1029/2008JA013759, 2009.

Remsberg, E E., Gordley, L L., Marshall, B T., Thompson, R E., Burton, J., Bhatt, P., Harvey, V L., Lingenfelser, G., and Natarajan, M.: The Nimbus 7 LIMS version 6 radiance conditioning and temperature retrieval methods and results, J Quant Spectrosc Ra., 86, 395–424, \doi10.1029/2006JD007339, 2004.

Remsberg, E E., Marshall, B T., Garcia-Comas, M., Krueger, D., Lingenfelser, G S., Martin-Torres, J., Mlynczak, M G., Russel III, J M., Smith, A K., Zhao, Y., Brown, C., Gordley, L L., Lopez-Gonzales, M J., Lopez-Puertas, M., She, C.-Y., Taylor, M J., and Thompson, R E.: Assesment of the quality of the Version 1.07 temperature-versus-pressure profiles of the middle atmosphere from TIMED/SABER, J Atmos Res., 113, D17101, \doi10.1029/2008JD010013, 2008.

Ricaud, P., de~La~No\"e, J., Connor, B J., Froidevaux, L., Waters, J W., Harwood, R S., MacKenzie, I A., and Peckham, G E.: Diurnal variability of mesospheric ozone as measured by the UARS microwave limb sounder instrument: Theoretical and ground-based validations, J Geophys Res., 101, 10077–10089, 1996.

Rong, P P., Russell III, J M., Mlynczak, M G., Remsberg, E E., Marshall, B T., Gordley, L L., and Lopez-Puertas, M.: Validation of TIMED/SABER v1.07 ozone at 9.6 \unit\mum in the altitude range 15–70 km, J Geophys Res., D04306, 114, \doi10.1029/2008JD010073, 2008.

Russel III, J M., Mlynczak, M G., Gordley, L L., Tansock Jr., J J., and Esplin, R W.: Overview of the SABER experiment and preliminary calibration results, Proc SPIE Vol. 3756, \doi10.1117/12.366382, 1999.

Ruzmaikin, A., Santee, M L., Schwartz, M J., Froidevaux, L., and Pickett, H M.: The 27-day variations in stratospheric ozone and temperature: New MLS data, Geophys Res Lett., 34, L02819, \doi10.1029/2006GL02819, 2007.

Schmidt, H., Brasseur, G P., Charron, M., Manzini, E., Giorgetta, M A., Diehl, T., Fomichev, V I., Kinnison, D., Marsh, D., and Walters, S.: The HAMMONIA Chemistry climate model: Sensitivity of the mesopause region to the 11-year solar cycle and CO<sub>2</sub> doubling, J Climate, 19, 3903–3931, 2006.

Schneider, N., Selsis, F., Urban, J., Lezeaux, O., de~LaNo\"e, J., and Ricaud, P.: Seasonal and Diurnal Variations: Observations and Modeling, J Atmos Chem., 50, 25–47, 2005.

Sinnhuber, M., Burrows, J P., Chipperfield, M P., Jackman, C H., Kallenrode, M.-B., Künzi, K F., and Quack, M.: A model study of the impact of magnetic field structure on atmospheric composition during solar proton events, Geophys Res Lett., 30(15), 1818, \doi10.1029/2003GL017265, 2003.

Smith, A K., Marsh, D R., Russel III, J M., Mlynczak, M G., Martin-Torres, F J., and Kyrölä, E.: Satellite observations of high nightime ozone at the equatorial mesopause, J Geophys Res., 113, D17312, \doi10.1029/2008JD010066, 2008.

Soukharev, B E. and Hood, L L.: Solar cycle variation of stratospheric ozone: multiple regression analysis of long-term satellite data sets and comparisons with models, J Geophys Res., 111, D20314, \doi10.1029/2006JD007107, 2006.

Vaughan, G.: Mesospheric ozone - theory and observation, Q J Roy Meteor Soc., 110, 239–260, 1984.

Zhang, X., Forbes, J M., Hagan, M E., Russel III, J M., Palo, S E., Mertens, C J., and Mlynczak, M G.: Monthly tidal temperatures 20-120 km from SABER/TIMED, J Geophys Res., 111, A10S08, \doi10.1029/2005JA011504, 2006.