Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions
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10.5194/acpd-10-1755-2010
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/1755/2010/
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/1755/2010/acpd-10-1755-2010.html
http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/1755/2010/acpd-10-1755-2010.pdf
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1821
2010-01-21
Modeling natural emissions in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model – Part 1: Building an emissions data base
S. N. Smith
snsmith@tva.gov
S. F. Mueller
Tennessee Valley Authority, P.O. Box 1010, Muscle Shoals, Alabama, 35662-1010, USA
A natural emissions inventory for the continental United States and
surrounding territories is needed in order to use the US Environmental
Protection Agency Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model for
simulating natural air quality. The CMAQ air modeling system (including the
Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions (SMOKE) emissions processing system)
currently estimates volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from biogenic
sources, nitrogen oxide (NO<sub>x</sub>) emissions from soils, ammonia from
animals, several types of
particulate and reactive gas emissions from fires, as well as windblown dust and sea salt
emissions. However, there are several emission categories that are not commonly treated by
the standard CMAQ Model system. Most notable among these are nitrogen oxide emissions from
lightning, reduced sulfur emissions from oceans, geothermal features and other continental
sources, and reactive chlorine gas emissions linked with sea salt chloride. A review of past
emissions modeling work and existing global emissions data bases provides information and
data necessary for preparing a more complete natural emissions data base for CMAQ
applications. A model-ready natural emissions data base is developed to complement the
anthropogenic emissions inventory used by the VISTAS Regional Planning Organization in its
work analyzing regional haze based on the year 2002. This new data base covers a modeling
domain that includes the continental United States plus large portions of Canada, Mexico and
surrounding oceans. Comparing July 2002 source data reveals that natural emissions account
for 16% of total gaseous sulfur (sulfur dioxide, dimethylsulfide and hydrogen sulfide),
44% of total NO<sub>x</sub>, 80% of reactive carbonaceous gases (VOCs and carbon
monoxide), 28% of ammonia, 96% of total chlorine (hydrochloric acid, nitryl chloride
and sea salt chloride), and 84% of fine particles (i.e., those smaller than
2.5 μm in size) released into the atmosphere. The seasonality and relative
importance of the various natural emissions categories are described.
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