<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE article SYSTEM "http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/inc/acpd/copernicus.dtd">
<article language="en">
	<journal>
		<journal_title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal_title>
		<journal_url>www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net</journal_url>
		<issn>1680-7367</issn>
		<eissn>1680-7375</eissn>
		<volume_number>10</volume_number>
		<issue_number>6</issue_number>
		<publication_year>2010</publication_year>
	</journal>
	<doi>10.5194/acpd-10-13969-2010</doi>
	<article_url>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/13969/2010/</article_url>
	<abstract_html>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/13969/2010/acpd-10-13969-2010.html</abstract_html>
	<fulltext_pdf>http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/10/13969/2010/acpd-10-13969-2010.pdf</fulltext_pdf>
	<start_page>13969</start_page>
	<end_page>14011</end_page>
	<publication_date>2010-06-07</publication_date>
	<article_title content_type="html">Analysis of the chemical composition of organic aerosol at the Mt. Sonnblick  observatory using a novel high mass resolution thermal-desorption proton-transfer-reaction mass-spectrometer (hr-TD-PTR-MS)</article_title>
	<authors>
		<author numeration="1" affiliations="1">
			<name>R. Holzinger</name>
			<email>r.holzinger@uu.nl</email>
		</author>
		<author numeration="2" affiliations="2">
			<name>A. Kasper-Giebl</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="3" affiliations="3">
			<name>M. Staudinger</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="4" affiliations="3">
			<name>G. Schauer</name>
		</author>
		<author numeration="5" affiliations="1">
			<name>T. RÃ¶ckmann</name>
		</author>
	</authors>
	<affiliations>
		<affiliation numeration="1" content_type="html">Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht,  Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="2" content_type="html">Vienna Univ. Technol, Inst Chem Technol, Vienna, Austria</affiliation>
		<affiliation numeration="3" content_type="html">Reg Stelle Salzburg, Zent Anstalt Meteorol &amp; Geodynam, 5020 Salzburg, Austria</affiliation>
	</affiliations>
	<abstract content_type="html">For the first time a high mass resolution thermal desorption proton
      transfer reaction mass spectrometer (hr-TD-PTR-MS) was deployed in the
      field to analyze the composition of the organic fraction of
      aerosols. We report on measurements from the remote Mt. Sonnblick
      observatory in the Austrian alps (3108 m a.s.l.) during a 7
      week period in summer 2009. A total of 638 mass peaks in the range
      18â€“392 Da were detected and quantified in aerosols. An
      empirical formula was tentatively attributed to 464 of these compounds
      by custom-made data analysis routines which consider compounds
      containing C, H, O, N, and S atoms. Most of the other (unidentified)
      compounds must contain other elements â€“ most likely halogenated
      compounds. The mean total concentration of all detected compounds was
      1.1 &amp;mu;g m&lt;sup&gt;âˆ’3&lt;/sup&gt;. Oxygenated hydrocarbons constitute the
      bulk of the aerosol mass (75%) followed by organic nitrogen
      compounds (9%), inorganic compounds (mostly NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, 8%),
      unidentified/halogenated (3.8%), hydrocarbons (2.7%), and
      organic sulfur compounds (0.8%). The measured O/C ratios are
      lower than expected and suggest a significant effect from
      charring. A significant part of the organic nitrogen compounds is non
      volatile. Organic carbon concentrations measured with TD-PTR-MS were
      about 25% lower than measurements on high volume filter samples.</abstract>
	<references>
		<reference numeration="1" content_type="text"> Aiken,~A C., DeCarlo,~P F., and Jimenez,~J L.: Elemental analysis of organic species with electron ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry, Anal. Chem., 79, 8350â€“8358, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="2" content_type="text"> Aiken,~A C., DeCarlo,~P F., Kroll,~J H., Worsnop,~D R., Huffman,~J A., Docherty,~K S., Ulbrich,~I M., Mohr,~C., Kimmel,~J R., Sueper,~D., Sun,~Y., Zhang,~Q., Trimborn,~A., Northway,~M., Ziemann,~P J., Canagaratna,~M R., Onasch,~T B., Alfarra,~M R., Prevot,~A S H., Dommen,~J., Duplissy,~J., Metzger,~A., Baltensperger,~U., and Jimenez,~J L.: O$/$C and OM$/$OC ratios of primary, secondary, and ambient organic aerosols with high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometry, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 4478â€“4485, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="3" content_type="text"> Andreae,~M O. and Crutzen,~P J.: Atmospheric aerosols: biogeochemical sources and role in atmospheric chemistry, Science, 276, 1052â€“1058, 1997. </reference>
		<reference numeration="4" content_type="text"> Andreae,~M O. and Rosenfeld,~D.: Aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions â€“ Part 1: The nature and sources of cloud-active aerosols, Earth-Sci. Rev., 89, 13â€“41, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="5" content_type="text"> Bascom,~R., Bromberg,~P A., Costa,~D A., Devlin,~R., Dockery,~D W., Frampton,~M W., Lambert,~W., Samet,~J M., Speizer,~F E., and Utell,~M.: Health effects of outdoor air pollution, Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care, 153, 3â€“50, 1996. </reference>
		<reference numeration="6" content_type="text"> Cachier,~H., Bremond, Marie Pierre, Buat-Menard,~P.: Determination of atmospheric soot carbon with a~simple thermal method, Tellus, 41B, 379â€“390, 1989. </reference>
		<reference numeration="7" content_type="text"> Charlson,~R J., Schwartz,~S E., Hales,~J M., Cess,~R D., Coakley,~J A., Hansen,~J E., and Hofmann,~D J.: Climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols, Science, 255, 423â€“430, 1992. </reference>
		<reference numeration="8" content_type="text"> DeCarlo,~P F., Kimmel,~J R., Trimborn,~A., Northway,~M J., Jayne,~J T., Aiken,~A C., Gonin,~M., Fuhrer,~K., Horvath,~T., Docherty,~K S., Worsnop,~D R., and Jimenez,~J L.: Field-deployable, high-resolution, time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer, Anal. Chem., 78, 8281â€“8289, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="9" content_type="text"> Donahue,~N M., Robinson,~A L., Stanier,~C O., and Pandis,~S N.: Coupled partitioning, dilution, and chemical aging of semivolatile organics, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 2635â€“2643, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="10" content_type="text"> Goldstein,~A H. and Galbally,~I.: Known and unknown organic constituents in the Earth&apos;s Atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 1515â€“1521, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="11" content_type="text"> Graus,~M., MÃ¼ller,~M., and Hansel,~A.: High resolution PTR-TOF: quantification and formula confirmation of VOC in real time, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectr., 21(6), 1037â€“1044, doi:10.1016/j.jasms.2010.02.006, June 2010. </reference>
		<reference numeration="12" content_type="text"> Hallquist,~M., Wenger,~J C., Baltensperger,~U., Rudich,~Y., Simpson,~D., Claeys,~M., Dommen,~J., Donahue,~N M., George,~C., Goldstein,~A H., Hamilton,~J F., Herrmann,~H., Hoffmann,~T., Iinuma,~Y., Jang,~M., Jenkin,~M E., Jimenez,~J L., Kiendler-Scharr,~A., Maenhaut,~W., McFiggans,~G., Mentel,~Th F., Monod,~A., PrÃ©vÃ´t,~A S H., Seinfeld,~J H., Surratt,~J D., Szmigielski,~R., and Wildt,~J.: The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 5155â€“5236, doi:10.5194/acp-9-5155-2009, 2009. </reference>
		<reference numeration="13" content_type="text"> Hellen,~H., Dommen,~J., Metzger,~A., Gascho,~A., Duplissy,~J., Tritscher,~T., PrÃ©vÃ´t,~A S H., and Baltensperger,~U.: Using proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry for online analysis of secondary organic aerosols, Environ. Sci. Technol., 42, 7347â€“7353, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="14" content_type="text"> Holzinger, R., Williams, J., Herrmann, F., Lelieveld, J., Donahue, N. M., and Röckmann, T.: Aerosol analysis using a Thermal-Desorption Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometer (TD-PTR-MS): a new approach to study processing of organic aerosols, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2257â€“2267, doi:10.5194/acp-10-2257-2010, 2010. </reference>
		<reference numeration="15" content_type="text"> Jacobson,~M Z.: Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols, Nature, 409, 695â€“697, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="16" content_type="text"> Jankowski,~N., Schmidl,~C., Marr,~I., Bauer,~H., and Puxbaum,~H.: Comparison of methods for the quantification of carbonate carbon in atmospheric PM$_10$ aerosol samples, Atmos. Environ., 42, 8055â€“8064, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="17" content_type="text"> Jimenez,~J L., Canagaratna,~M R., Donahue,~N M., PrÃ©vÃ´t,~A S H., Zhang,~Q., Kroll,~J H., DeCarlo,~P F., Allan,~J D., Coe,~H., Ng,~N L., Aiken,~A C., Docherty,~K S., Ulbrich,~I M., Grieshop,~A P., Robinson,~A L., Duplissy,~J., Smith,~J D., Wilson,~K R., Lanz,~V A., Hueglin,~C., Sun,~Y L., Tian,~J., Laaksonen,~A., Raatikainen,~T., Rautiainen,~J., Vaattovaara,~P., Ehn,~M., Kulmala,~M., Tomlinson,~J M., Collins,~D R., Cubison,~M J., Dunlea,~E J., Huffman,~J A., Onasch,~T B., Alfarra,~M R., Williams,~P I., Bower,~K., Kondo,~Y., Schneider,~J., Drewnick,~F., Borrmann,~S., Weimer,~S., Demerjian,~K., Salcedo,~D., Cottrell,~L., Griffin,~R., Takami,~A., Miyoshi,~T., Hatakeyama,~S., Shimono,~A., Sun,~J Y., Zhang,~Y M., Dzepina,~K., Kimmel,~J R., Sueper,~D., Jayne,~J T., Herndon,~S C., Trimborn,~A M., Williams,~L R., Wood,~E C., Middlebrook,~A M., Kolb,~C E., Baltensperger,~U., and Worsnop,~D R.: Evolution of organic aerosols in the atmosphere, Science, 326, 1525â€“1529, 2009. </reference>
		<reference numeration="18" content_type="text"> Jordan,~A., Haidacher,~S., Hanel,~G., Hartungen,~E., Mark,~L., Seehauser,~H., Schottkowsky,~R., Sulzer,~P., and Mark,~T D.: A~high resolution and high sensitivity proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS), Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 286, 122â€“128, 2009. </reference>
		<reference numeration="19" content_type="text"> Kanakidou,~M., Seinfeld,~J H., Pandis,~S N., Barnes,~I., Dentener,~F J., Facchini,~M C., Van Dingenen,~R., Ervens,~B., Nenes,~A., Nielsen,~C J., Swietlicki,~E., Putaud,~J P., Balkanski,~Y., Fuzzi,~S., Horth,~J., Moortgat,~G K., Winterhalter,~R., Myhre,~C E L., Tsigaridis,~K., Vignati,~E., Stephanou,~E G., and Wilson,~J.: Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053â€“1123, doi:10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="20" content_type="text"> Lin,~M., Walker,~J., Geron,~C., and Khlystov,~A.: Organic nitrogen in PM$_2.5$ aerosol at a forest site in the Southeast US, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2145â€“2157, doi:10.5194/acp-10-2145-2010, 2010. </reference>
		<reference numeration="21" content_type="text"> Mikoviny,~T., Kaser,~L., and Wisthaler,~A.: Development and characterization of a High-Temperature Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometer (HT-PTR-MS), Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 537â€“544, doi:10.5194/amt-3-537-2010, 2010. </reference>
		<reference numeration="22" content_type="text"> MÃ¼ller,~M., Graus,~M., Ruuskanen,~T M., Schnitzhofer,~R., Bamberger,~I., Kaser,~L., Titzmann,~T., HÃ¶rtnagl,~L., Wohlfahrt,~G., Karl,~T., and Hansel,~A.: First eddy covariance flux measurements by PTR-TOF, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 387â€“395, doi:10.5194/amt-3-387-2010, 2010. </reference>
		<reference numeration="23" content_type="text"> Pankow,~J F. and Asher,~W E.: SIMPOL.1: a~simple group contribution method for predicting vapor pressures and enthalpies of vaporization of multifunctional organic compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2773â€“2796, doi:10.5194/acp-8-2773-2008, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="24" content_type="text"> PÃ¶schl,~U.: Atmospheric aerosols: composition, transformation, climate and health effects, Angew. Chem. Int. Edit., 44, 7520â€“7540, 2005. </reference>
		<reference numeration="25" content_type="text"> Ramanathan,~V. and Carmichael,~G.: Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon, Nat. Geosci., 1, 221â€“227, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="26" content_type="text"> Ramanathan,~V., Crutzen,~P J., Kiehl,~J T., and Rosenfeld,~D.: Atmosphere â€“ aerosols, climate, and the hydrological cycle, Science, 294, 2119â€“2124, 2001. </reference>
		<reference numeration="27" content_type="text"> Robinson,~A L., Donahue,~N M., Shrivastava,~M K., Weitkamp,~E A., Sage,~A M., Grieshop,~A P., Lane,~T E., Pierce,~J R., and Pandis,~S N.: Rethinking organic aerosols: Semivolatile emissions and photochemical aging, Science, 315, 1259â€“1262, 2007. </reference>
		<reference numeration="28" content_type="text"> Rollins,~A W., Kiendler-Scharr,~A., Fry,~J L., Brauers,~T., Brown,~S S., Dorn,~H.-P., DubÃ©,~W P., Fuchs,~H., Mensah,~A., Mentel,~T F., Rohrer,~F., Tillmann,~R., Wegener,~R., Wooldridge,~P J., and Cohen,~R C.: Isoprene oxidation by nitrate radical: alkyl nitrate and secondary organic aerosol yields, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6685â€“6703, doi:10.5194/acp-9-6685-2009, 2009. </reference>
		<reference numeration="29" content_type="text"> Rosenfeld,~D., Lohmann,~U., Raga,~G B., O&apos;Dowd,~C D., Kulmala,~M., Fuzzi,~S., Reissell,~A., and Andreae,~M O.: Flood or drought: How do aerosols affect precipitation?, Science, 321, 1309â€“1313, 2008. </reference>
		<reference numeration="30" content_type="text"> Subramanian,~R., Khlystov,~A Y., Cabada,~J C., and Robinson,~A L.: Positive and negative artifacts in particulate organic carbon measurements with denuded and undenuded sampler configurations, Aerosol Sci. Tech., 38, 27â€“48, 2004. </reference>
		<reference numeration="31" content_type="text"> Williams,~B., Goldstein,~A., Kreisberg,~N., and Hering,~S.: An in-situ instrument for speciated organic composition of atmospheric aerosols: Thermal desorption aerosol GC$/$MS-FID (TAG), Aerosol Sci. Tech., 40, 627â€“638, 2006. </reference>
		<reference numeration="32" content_type="text"> Zhao,~J. and Zhang,~R Y.: Proton transfer reaction rate constants between hydronium ion (\chemH_3O(+)) and volatile organic compounds, Atmos. Environ., 38, 2177â€“2185, 2004. </reference>
	</references>
</article>

