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1083
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2010-01-18
Multi-year (2004–2008) record of nonmethane hydrocarbons and halocarbons in New England: seasonal variations and regional sources
R. S. Russo
rrusso@gust.sr.unh.edu
Y. Zhou
M. L. White
H. Mao
R. Talbot
B. C. Sive
Climate Change Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, UK
Multi-year time series records of C<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>6</sub> alkanes,
C<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>4</sub> alkenes, ethyne, isoprene,
C<sub>6</sub>-C<sub>8</sub> aromatics, trichloroethene (C<sub>2</sub>HCl<sub>3</sub>),
and tetrachloroethene (C<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub>) from canister samples
collected during January 2004–February 2008 at the University of New
Hampshire (UNH) AIRMAP Observatory at Thompson Farm (TF) in Durham, NH are
presented. The objectives of this work are to identify the sources of
nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and halocarbons observed at TF, characterize
the seasonal and interannual variability in ambient mixing ratios and
sources, and estimate regional emission rates of NMHCs. Analysis of
correlations and comparisons with emission ratios indicated that a ubiquitous
and persistent mix of emissions from several anthropogenic sources is
observed throughout the entire year. The highest C<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>8</sub>
anthropogenic NMHC mixing ratios were observed in mid to late winter.
Following the springtime minimums, the C<sub>3</sub>-C<sub>6</sub> alkanes,
C<sub>7</sub>-C<sub>8</sub> aromatics, and C<sub>2</sub>HCl<sub>3</sub> increased in
early to mid summer, presumably reflecting enhanced evaporative emissions.
Mixing ratios of C<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>4</sub> and C<sub>2</sub>HCl<sub>3</sub> decreased by
0.7±0.2 and 0.3±0.05 pptv/year, respectively, which is
indicative of reduced usage and emissions of these halogenated solvents.
Emission rates of C<sub>3</sub>-C<sub>8</sub> NMHCs were estimated to be
10<sup>9</sup> to 10<sup>10</sup> molecules cm<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> in winter 2006. The
emission rates extrapolated to the state of New Hampshire and New England
were ~2–60 Mg/day and ~12–430 Mg/day, respectively. The
2002 and 2005 EPA National Emissions Inventory (NEI) emission rates of
benzene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes for New Hampshire agreed within ±<5–20%
of the emission rates estimated from the TF data, while toluene
emissions were overestimated (20–35%) in both versions of the NEI.
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