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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v3.0 20080202//EN" "http://dtd.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/3.0/journalpublishing3.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="3.0" xml:lang="en">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ACPD</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ACPD</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1680-7375</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/acpd-1-277-2001</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>The influence of cloud chemistry on HO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; in the Marine Boundary Layer: a 1-D modelling study</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Williams</surname>
<given-names>J. E.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Dentener</surname>
<given-names>F. J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>van den Berg</surname>
<given-names>A. R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>IMAU, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Current Address: FOM-AMOLF, Kruislaan 107, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Joint Research Center, Environment Institute, Ispra(Va), Italy</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>25</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2001</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>1</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>277</fpage>
<lpage>335</lpage>
<permissions>
<license xlink:type="simple">
<license-p>This is an open-access article ditributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/1/277/2001/acpd-1-277-2001.html">This article is available from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/1/277/2001/acpd-1-277-2001.html</self-uri>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/1/277/2001/acpd-1-277-2001.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from http://www.atmos-chem-phys-discuss.net/1/277/2001/acpd-1-277-2001.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>A 1-D marine stratocumulus cloud model has been supplemented with
a comprehensive and up-to-date aqueous phase chemical mechanism for the purpose of assessing the impact that the presence of
clouds and aerosols has on gas phase HO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;, NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; budgets in the marine boundary layer. The simulations
presented here indicate that cloud may act as a heterogeneous source of HONO&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt; via the conversion of
HNO&lt;sub&gt;4(g) &lt;/sub&gt; at moderate pH (~4.5). The photolysis of nitrate (NO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;-&lt;/sup&gt;)
has also been found to contribute to this simulated increase in HONO&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;
by ~5% and also acts as a minor source of NO&lt;sub&gt;2(g)&lt;/sub&gt;. The effect of introducing deliquescent aerosol on the
simulated increase of HONO&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt; is negligible. The most important consequences of this elevation in
HONO&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt; are that, in the presence of cloud, gas phase concentrations of
NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; species increase by a factor of 2, which minimises the simulated decrease
in O&lt;sub&gt;3(g)&lt;/sub&gt;, and results in a regeneration of OH&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;. This partly compensates for the removal of
OH&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt; by direct phase transfer into the cloud and has important implications regarding
the oxidising capacity of the marine boundary layer. The findings presented here also suggest that previous modelling studies, which
neglect the heterogeneous HNO&lt;sub&gt;4(g)&lt;/sub&gt; reaction cycle, may have over-estimated the role of clouds as a sink for
OH&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt; and O&lt;sub&gt;3(g)&lt;/sub&gt;in unpolluted oceanic regions, by ~10% and ~2%, respectively.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="59"/></counts>
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